12th Chemistry Objective + Short Questions

UNIT 1

Periodic Classification of Elements

And Periodicity

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. Keeping in view the size of atoms, which order is correct one: (Board 2013, 15)

(a) Mg > Sr (b) Ba > Mg

2. Mark the correct statement: (Board 2014, 15,16) 12201059

(a) Na⁺ is smaller than Na atom

(b) Na⁺¹ is larger than Na atom

(d) Cl^-1 and Cl are equal in size

3. Mark the correct statement: 12201060

(a) All lanthanides are present in the same group

(b) All halogens are present in the same period

(d) All the noble gases are present in the same period

4. Which statement is incorrect? 12201061

(a) All the metals are good conductor of electricity

(b) All the metals are good conductor of heat

(d) All the metals form acidic oxides

5. Which statement is correct? 12201062

(a) Hydrogen resembles in properties with IA, IVA and VIIA elements

(b) Hydrogen resembles with IIIA, IVA and VA elements

(d) Hydrogen resembles in properties with IIA, IIIA and VIIA elements

6. Mark the correct statement: 12201063

(a) The ionization energy of calcium is lower than that of barium

(b) The ionization energy of calcium is lower than that of magnesium

(d) The ionization energy of calcium is lower than that of strontium

7. Mark the correct statement: 12201064

(a) Electron affinity is a measure of energy required to remove the electron

(b) Ionization energy is a measure of energy released by adding an electron

(d) Electron affinity is a measure of energy released by removing an electron

8. Mark the correct statement:(Board 2006)

(a) Metallic character increases down the group 12201065

(b) Metallic character increases along a period

(d) Metallic character remains the same down the group

9. Mark the correct statement: 12201066

(a) Melting points of halogens decrease down the group

(b) Melting points of halogens increase down the group

(d) Melting points of halogens first increase then decrease down the group

10. Mark the correct statement: 12201067

(a) Covalent character of metal halides increases from left to right in a period

(b) Boiling points of group IV hydrides decrease down the group

(d) The basicity of group IIA oxides decreases on descending the group

11. Lanthanides are present in: 12201068

(a) 4th period (b) 5th period

12. 5th period contains total number of elements: (Board 2014) 12201069

(a) 10 (b) 32

13. Which of the following is smaller in size? 12201070

(a) H (b) Li⁺

14. A metal having half filled p-orbital in its configuration belongs to: 12201071

(a) IIA (b) IIB

15. Lanthanide contraction occurs in the elements for which electron filling occurs in: 12201072

(a) 3d (b) 5d

16. Which one of the following is isoelectronic with Ca⁺²: 12201073

(a) Sr⁺² (b) Na

17. Elements of group IB are called: 12201074

(a) Representative elements

(b) Transition elements (c) Rare earths

(d) Coinage metals

18. Which one of the following is a non- metal? 12201075

(a) Bi (b) Sb

19. Which is the pair of metalloids? 12201076

(a) Na and K (b) F and Cl

20. The elements placed on the extreme right of the periodic table are: 12201077

(a) Transition elements (b) Non-metals

21. When we move from left to right along a period: 12201078

(a) reducing power of elements increases

(b) Basic nature of oxides decreases

(d) Atomic size increases

22. Which of the following has the highest first ionization energy? 12201079

(a) B (b) C

23. Alkali metals are strong reducing agents because: 12201080

(a) These are metals

(b) Their atomic radii are large

(d) Their ionization energies are very low

24. Which of the following is not an ionic hydride? 12201081

(a) CsH (b) LiH

25. When hydrogen loses its electron to form H⁺ ion, then it resembles: 12201082

(a) transition metals (b) Halogens

26. The hydration energy of Mg⁺² is larger than that of: 12201083

(a) Al⁺³ (b) Na⁺

27. Alkaline earth metals are: 12201084

(a) Acidic in nature

(b) Amphoteric in nature

(d) Strong reducing agents

28. The law of triads applies to the following sets of elements: 12201085

(a) B, N, C (b) Be, Mg, Ca

(c) Ar, K, Ca (d) Se, Te, As

29. Point out the incorrect statement for the periodic classification of elements:

(a) The properties of the elements are the periodic function of their atomic numbers 12201086

(b) Non-Metallic elements are lesser in no. than metallic elements

(d) For transition elements the d sub-shells are filled with electrons monoatomically with increase in atomic no.

30. The law of triad is applicable to: 12201087

(a) C, N, O

(b) H, O, N

(c) Na, K, Rb

(d) Cl, Br, I

31. Mendeleev’s periodic table is upset by fact that: 12201088

(a) Noble gases do not form compounds

(b) Many elements have several isotopes

(c) Atomic weights of elements are not always in whole no.

(d) None of the above

32. The modern periodic table reveals that the elements are: 12201089

(a) Arranged in the order of increasing atomic weight

(b) Taken in group of eight

(c) Arranged in the order of increasing no. of protons in the nucleus

(d) Arranged in the order of increasing no. of neutrons in the nucleus

33. As we go from left to right in a period, the atomic volume: 12201090

(a) First decreases then increases

(b) First increases then decreases

(c) Increases regularly

(d) Remains constant

34. Lower atomic volume generally leads to higher: 12201091

(a) Density (b) Brittleness

(c) Melting & Boiling Point

(d) All of the above

35. Lithium is very similar to Mg although these are placed in different groups. It is due to fact that: 12201092

(a) Both have the same size

(b) The ratio of their charge to size is same

(c) Both are found together in nature

(d) Both have same configuration

36. While moving from Li to F in II period, there is a regular decrease in: 12201093 (a) Ionization potential

(b) Electronegativity

(c) Atomic mass (d) Atomic size

37. The property ‘not shown’ by all transition elements is that: 12201094

(a) These elements show variable valency

(b) These act as catalyst

(c) These are paramagnetic

(d) All impart color to flame

38. Electronic configuration of four elements A, B, C, D are as follows, which will be the most metallic? 12201095

(a) A = 2, 8, 4 (b) B = 2, 8, 6

(c) C = 2, 8, 8, 1 (d) D= 2, 8, 8, 7

39. Which of the following pair of elements have the same no. of electrons in outer most shell? 12201096

(a) Sb and Bi (b) Na and Ca

(c) Pb and Sb (d) Na and O

40. The hydration energy is minimum for: (a) Cs⁺¹ (b) K⁺¹12201097

(c) Na⁺¹ (d) Li⁺¹

41. Which of the following ions will form most water soluble hydroxide? 12201098

(a) Ni⁺² (b) K⁺¹

(c) Zn⁺² (d) Al⁺³

42. Which of the following sets of elements is arranged in increasing order of electron affinity? 12201099

(a) F, Cl, Br (b) Br, Cl, F

(c) Br, F, Cl (d) Cl, Br, F

43. Ionization energy of N is higher than that of oxygen because of: 12201100

(a) Greater attraction of electrons by the nucleus

(b) The half filled p-orbitals of N possess extra stability

(c) Greater penetration effect

(d) The size of the N atom being smaller

44. The values of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th ionization potentials of an element are 7.1, 14.3, 24.5, 46.8 & 162.2eV respectively. The element is: 12201101

(a) Na (b) Ca

(c) Al (d) Si

45. Electronegativity of Be is same as that of: 12201102

(a) B (b) Mg

(c) Al (d) Na

46. From Li⁺ to Cs⁺ ion, the degree of hydration: 12201103

(a) Decreases (b) Increases

(c) Remains same (d) None of these

47. Which of the following has least density? 12201104

(a) Mg (b) K

(c) Na (d) Li

48. The element which exists in liquid state at room temp. is: 12201105

(a) Hg (b) Br

(c) Ga (d) All of these

49. Size of cation is smaller than that of atom, because: 12201106

(a) The whole of outer shell of electron is removed

(b) Effective nuclear charge increases

(c) Gain of electrons

(d) Both (a) & (b)

50. Percentage covalent character in HF is: 12201107

(a) 50% (b) 33%

(c) 56% (d) 58%

51. The most electropositive element among Fe, Na, Cs, Pb is: 12201108

(a) Fe (b) Na

(c) Cs (d) Pb

52. Which pair of elements is chemically most similar: 12201109

(a) Na, Al (b) Cu, Au

(c) Ar, F (d) Se, Zr

53. The electronic configuration of an element ‘M’ is ls², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s². The formula of its oxide will be: 12201110

(a) M₂O (b) MO

(c) M₂O₃ (d) MO₂

54. Ionization energy is lowest for: 12201111

(a) Inert Gases

(b) Alkali Metals

(c) Halogens

(d) Alkaline Earth Metals

55. Which of the following has the highest melting point? 12201112

(a) NaCl (b) NaBr

(c) NaI (d) NaF

56. Excluding H & He, the smallest element in the periodic table is: 12201113

(a) Lithium

(b) Fluorine

(c) Caesium

(d) Iodine

57. Out of Na, Mg, Na⁺¹ & Mg⁺², the highest ionization energy is of: 12201114

(a) Na (b) Na⁺

(c) Mg (d) Mg⁺²

58. The second electron affinity of oxygen is: 12201115

(a) - 141 kJ mole^-1 (b) + 780 kJ mole^-1

(c) - 337 kJ mole^-1 (d) + 29 kJ mole^-1

59. Which of the following is most electropositive? 12201116

(a) Na (b) Mg

(c) Cs (d) Li

60. Aluminium is diagonally related to:

(a) Li (b) Be 12201117

(c) Na (d) B

61. The element with atomic no. 106 belongs to: 12201118

(a) s – block (b) p – block

(c) d – block (d) f – block

62. The correct order of 1st Ionization potential of C, N, O & F is: 12201119

(a) F > N > O > C (b) C > N > O > F

(c) O > F > C > N (d) N > C > F > O

63. In case of inner transition elements the last electrons are received by: 12201120

(a) s – orbitals (b) f – orbitals

(c) p – orbitals (d) d – orbitals

64. In Mendeleev’s periodic table Zn, Cd, Hg were placed with: 12201121

(a) Alkali metals

(b) Alkaline earth metals

(c) Transition metals

(d) Coinage metals

65. Basic character of oxides increases down the group due to: 12201122

(a) Increase in electropositive character

(b) Increase in atomic size

(c) Increase in electron affinity

(d) Increase in both size & electropositive character

66. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group due to: 12201123

(a) Addition of an extra shell of electrons

(b) Increase in atomic number

(c) Increase in shielding effect

(d) All of the above

67. The second electron affinity is endothermic due to: 12201124

(a) Repulsion of incoming electron by negatively charged ion

(b) Attraction of Electron by Nucleus

(c) Decrease in size of atom

(d) Increase in electronegativity of atom

68. Mark the correct statement: 12201125

(a) Cl^-1 is larger than Cl

(b) Na⁺ is larger than Na atom

(c) I^- is smaller than I atom

(d) I^- and I are equal in size

69. Which one of the following elements can have only negative oxidation states:

(a) Br (b) F 12201126

(c) I (d) Cl

70. Which statement is incorrect? 12201127

(a) All metals are good conductor of heat & electricity

(b) All metals have high electron affinity

(c) Metallic character increases down the group

(d) All metals have low electronegativity

71. Which of the following oxides is amphoteric in nature? (Board 2010) 12201128

(a) ZnO (b) MgO

(c) SO₃(d) P₂O₅

72. Which of the following statements is incorrect about electronegativity?12201129

(a) Electronegativity is related to ionization energy

(b) Electronegativity is related to electron affinity

(c) Electronegativity is the power of an atom to attract electron

(d) Electronegativity is the power of an atom to repel electron

73. Which of the following statements is not correct: 12201130

(a) Atomic radius increases with the increase in atomic no. along the period

(b) Ionization potential decreases down the group

(c) Shielding effect increases down the group

(d) Electron affinity decreases down the group

74. The difference in the physical and chemical characteristics of the elements of the A & B sub groups in the periodic table is the least in: 12201131

(a) Group I (b) Group III

(c) Group IV (d) Group VII

75. The strongest acid among the following is: 12201132

(a) HI (b) HBr

(c) HCl (d) HF

76. Among the ionic halides, which has highest melting & boiling points: 12201133 (a) Fluorides (b) Chlorides

(c) Bromides (d) Iodides

77. The sixth period of periodic table consists of 32 elements which are:

12201134

(a) Two s–block, six p–block and twenty four d–block elements

(b) Eight normal, ten d-block and 14f block elements

(c) Eight normal, ten transition and ten inner transition elements

(d) Eight normal & twenty four d – block elements

78. Which of the following is covalent oxide (Board 2007) 12201135

(a) BeO (b) MgO

(c) SrO (d) CaO

79. How many semi metals are present in first period? (Board 2007) 12201136

(a) Zero (b) 3

(c) 2 (d) 6

80. Hydrogen can be placed in group IV A because both: (Board 2008) 12201137

(a) Act as strong oxidizing agents

(b) Act as strong reducing agents

(c) Possess the property of catenation (d) Form neutral oxides

81. Most of the elements are: (Board 2010)

12201138

(a) Crystalloids (b) Metals

(c) Metalloids (d) Non-metals

82. The number of elements in fourth Period in modern Periodic table is:

(Board 2011) 12201139

(a) 32 (b) 18

(c) 10 (d) 8

83. The decrease in atomic sizes is much prominent across rows containing elements of: 12201140

(a) s-Block (b) p-Block

(c) d-Block (d) f-Block

84. Potassium oxide is: (Board 2010) 12201141

(a) Acidic (b) Amphoteric

(c) Basic (d) Neutral

85. Elements of group IA are called: 12201142

(a) Alkali metals

(b) Metalloids

(c) Alkaline earth metals

(d) Coinage metals

86. Smaller the size of an ion: (Board 2014)

12201143

(a) Lesser is the degree of hydration

(b) Lesser is the polarizing power

(c) Greater is the electron affinity

(d) Greater is the degree of hydration

87. Which of the following form amphoteric oxide: (Board 2016)

(a) Na (b) Mg 12201144

(c) O (d) Zn

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q.1 To which block of the periodic table the rare earths belong? 12201145

Q.2 How does hydrogen resemble with elements of group IVA? (Board 2009) 12201146

Q.3 What are metalloids? (Board 2011) 12201147

Q.4 What are long periods? 12201148

Q.5 What improvements were made in the modern periodic table? 12201149

Q.6 What were the advantages of Mendeleev’s periodic table? 12201150

Q.7 Why the melting points of halides decrease from left to right in a period?

12201151

Q.8 How does the nature of oxide (in the case of manganese oxides) change with the increase of oxidation number of the central atoms? 12201152

Q.9 What is the periodic trend of hydration energy? 12201153

Q.10 The oxidation states vary in a period but remain almost constant in a group. Give reason. (Board 2016) 12201154

Q.11 Why d and f-block elements are called transition elements? 12201155

Q.12 The melting and boiling points of the elements increase from left to the right upto the middle of s and p-block elements and decreases onward. Why? 12201156

Q.13 Why alkali metals give ionic hydrides? (Board 2015) 12201157

Q.14 Ionic character of halides decreases from left to the right in a period. Why?

12201158

Q.15 Why the order of hydration energy of the ions is Al⁺³ > Mg⁺² > Na⁺? 12201159

Q.16 Why the electrical conductivities of the elements are related with the free electrons? 12201160

Q.17 Define the following: 12201161

(i) Coinage metals

(ii) Rare earth elements

Q.18 Which are the longest and shortest periods of the periodic table? 12201162

Q.19 Why atomic radii decreases from left to right in a period?(Board 2009) 12201163

Q.20 Size of cation is smaller from its parent atom. Why? 12201164

Q.21 Na⁺, Mg⁺², Al⁺³ are Isoelectronic in nature. Do these ions have same ionic radii? 12201165

Q.22 2nd Ionization energy is greater than 1st Ionization energy, why? 12201166

Q.23 What are polymeric halides?

12201167

Q.24 What are amphoteric oxides? Explain with an example. 12201168

Q.25 Why the second values of electron affinity has positive sign? (Board 2008) 12201169

Q.26 What are bridge elements? 12201170

Q.27 How are elements classified into blocks? 12201171

Q.28 Lanthanide contraction control the atomic size of elements of 6^th &7^th period? Explain. 12201172

Q.29 Why transition elements show variable oxidation states?(Board 2015) 12201173

Q.30 What is shielding effect or screening effect? 12201174

Q.31 Explain what do you mean by periodicity in properties? 12201175

Q.32 What are inner transition elements? 12201176

Q.33 Why the ionic radii of negative ions are larger than size of their parent atom?

(Board 2008, 2010) 12201177

Q.34 Why metallic character increases from top to bottom in a group of metals?

(Board 2006, 2014, 2015) 12201178

Q.35 Why diamond is non-conductor and graphite is fairly a good conductor of electricity? (Board 2013) 12201179

Q.36 The hydration energy of Al⁺³ is three times greater than that of Ca⁺². Why? (Board 2006) 12201180

Q.37 Give the reason, why the radius of fluorine atom is smaller than that of fluoride ion. (Board 2007) 12201181

Q.38 The hydration energies of IIA group elements are higher than those of IA group elements. Justify. (Board 2007) 12201182

Q.39 Why the ionization energy decreases down the group and increases along a period? (Board 2008, 2014) 12201183

Q.40 Why heat of hydration of alkaline earth metals decreases down the group?

12201184

Q.41 What are hydrides? What is the trend of boiling points of hydrides down the group VI-A? (Board 2010) 12201185

Q.42 Why melting and boiling points of elements belonging to group VA and VIIA are lower? (Board 2011) 12201186

Q.43 Define electron affinity. Discuss its trend in periodic table. (Board 2013) 12201187

Q.44 How does ZnO behave as an amphoteric oxide? (Board 2013, 2014) 12201188

Q.45 Why is the oxidation state of noble gases usually zero? (Board 2013, 2014) 12201189

Q.46 Define modern periodic law.

(Board 2014) 12201190

Q.47 Why do metals conduct electricity? (Board 2014) 12201191

Q.48 Although both sodium and phosphorus are present in the same period of the periodic table yet their oxides are different in nature, Na₂O is basic while P₂O₅ is acidic in character. Give reason.

12201192

Q.49 Zn, Cd, Hg were placed with alkaline earth metals in Mendeleev’s table. How this confusion is removed in the modern periodic table? (Board 2015) 12201193

Q.50 What is Lanthanide contraction? (Board 2016) 12201194

Q.51 Name various classes of hydrides. (Board 2016) 12201195

Q.52 How does hydrogen resemble with Alkali metals? Write any four points. (Board 2016) 12201196

UNIT 2

s-Block Elements

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the correct answer.

1. Which one of the following does not belong to alkaline earth metals? 12202078

(a) Be (b) Ra

2. The oxides of beryllium are: 12202079

(a) Acidic (b) Basic (Board 2014)

3. Which ion will have the maximum value of heat of hydration? 12202080

(a) Na⁺¹ (b) Cs⁺¹

4. Which one of the following is not an alkali metal? (Board 2009, 2013) 12202081

(a) Francium (b) Caesium

5. Which one of the following sulphates is not soluble in water? (Board 2013) 12202082

(a) Na₂SO₄ (b) K₂SO₄

6. The element caesium bears resemblance with: 12202083

(a) Ca (b) Cr

(d) None of the above

7. Chile saltpetre has the chemical formula: (Board 2009, 10, 14, 15) 12202084

(a) NaNO₃ (b) KNO₃

8. The ore CaSO₄.2H₂O has the general name: (Board 2016) 12202085

(a) Gypsum (b) Dolomite

9. Down’s cell is used to prepare: 12202086

(a) Na₂CO₃(b) NaHCO₃

10. Which of the following is deposited at the cathode during the electrolysis of brine in Nelson’s Cell? 12202087

(a) H₂ (b) Na

11. Which is the most abundant alkali metal in earth’s crust? 12202088

(a) Cs (b) Li

12. Which of the following is the ore of potassium? 12202089

(a) Dolomite (b) Cryolite

13. Which is true about alkali metals? 12202090

(a) They are hydrolyzing agents

(b) They are oxidizing and reducing agents

(d) They are oxidizing agents

14. The elements of group IA react violently with water and make the solution: 12202091

(a) Neutral (b) Amphoteric

15. Which of the following, when heated strongly, gives brown fumes? 12202092

(a) KNO₃ (b) NaNO₃

16. Which of the following salts is fairly soluble in water? 12202093

(a) LiF (b) BeF₂

17. In order to prevent rapid hardening of cement, the clinker is ground into a fine powder with: 12202094

(a) Limestone (b) Gypsum

18. Rectified spirit is converted to absolute alcohol by the dehydrating agent:

(a) Lime (b) Soda lime 12202095

19. In Down’s cell if moisture is present then, most likely products are: 12202096

(a) Na, Cl₂ (b) NaOH, H₂, Cl₂

20. In Nelson’s cell the solution coming out of cathode compartment contains 16% NaCl, the %age of NaOH in the solution is: 12202097

(a) 11% (b) 84%

21. In the reaction Be + 2NaOH ¾¾® Na₂BeO₂+? 12202098

(a) H₂O (b) H₂

22. Excess of NaOH with Zn forms: 12202099

(a) Zn(OH)₂ (b) ZnH₂

23. Which is the most important byproduct in the manufacturing of NaOH? 12202100

(a) Na₂CO₃ (b) Cl₂

24. Dead burnt gypsum is: 12202101

(a) Anhydrous Na₂SO₄

(b) CaSO₄. 2H₂O

(d) Gypsum which is strongly heated

25. Slaked lime is used in the manufacturing of: 12202102

(a) fire bricks (b) Medicine

26. The least soluble alkaline earth metal hydroxide is: 12202103

(a) Sr(OH)₂ (b) Ba(OH)₂

27. When glue or some oil is added to dicalcium sulphate monohydrate as retarder, the product is: 12202104

(a) Hard finish plaster

(b) Portland cement

(d) Cement plasters

28. In the reaction __________ + H₂O ¾¾® NaOH + O₂ the reactant is: 12202105

(a) Na₂O₂ (b) Na₂O

29. Which of the following oxides is used by mountaineers? 12202106

(a) Na₂O₂ (b) K₂O

30. A substance when heated gives CO₂ but is insoluble in water. If CO₂ is passed into this substance containing water forms: 12202107

(a) Ca(OH)₂

(b) CaO

(d) Ca(HCO₃)₂

31. Elements of group I A give color in Bunsen flame due to: 12202108

(a) Low melting point

(b) Low ionization potential

(d) Softness

32. Compounds of alkaline earth metals are less soluble in water than the corresponding alkali metals, because of:

12202109

(a) High lattice energy

(b) High ionization energies

(d) Their increased covalent character

33. Mark the incorrect statement about Lithium: 12202110

(a) Lithium metal is not affected by air

(b) When burnt in oxygen, lithium forms superoxide (LiO₂)

(d) Lithium forms hydrides

34. The alkali metal that can react directly with carbon to form ionic carbide is:

12202111

(a) Na (b) K

35. Sodium when dropped in water catches fire because: 12202112

(a) It is a metal

(b) It has high electron affinity

(d) H₂ gas is evolved in the reaction which catches fire due to exothermic reaction

36. The compound which possess highest lattice energy is: 12202113

(a) LiF (b) NaCl

37. The compound that undergoes hydrolysis in hot water is: 12202114

(a) LiCl (b) NaCl

38. Which of the following bicarbonates does not exist as solid? 12202115

(a) LiHCO₃

(b) NaHCO₃

(d) CsHCO₃

39. Metallic luster exhibited by Na is explained by: 12202116

(a) Diffusion of sodium

(b) Oscillation of loose electrons

(d) Existence of body centered cubic lattice

40. In the manufacture of sodium, NaCl is fused with CaCl₂to:12202117

(a) Decrease the ionization of NaCl

(b) Increase the ionization of NaCl

41. Compound used as antichlor in bleaching is: 12202118

(a) Na₂S₂O₃(b) Na₂SO₃

42. Which of the following is highly soluble in water? (a) KCl (b) LiCl

43. The gas absorbed by caustic soda is: 12202120

(a) NH₃ (b) CO

44. When HCl gas is passed through a saturated solution of NaCl, the solubility of NaCl: 12202121

(a) Does not change

(b) Decreases

(d) NaCl is decomposed

45. NaNO₃ decomposes above 800°C to give: 12202122

(a) N₂ (b) O₂

46. Most thermally stable compound is: 12202123

(a) Li₂CO₃ (b) MgCO₃

47. Which of the following will be least soluble in water: 12202124

(a) NaCl (b) MgCl₂

48. The most soluble alkaline earth metal hydroxide is: 12202125

(a) Be(OH)₂ (b) Mg (OH)₂

49. Which of the following metals dissolve in NaOH with evolution of H₂? 12202126

(a) Mg (b) Ba

50. BeF₂ is soluble in water, whereas the fluorides of other alkaline earth metals are insoluble, because of: 12202127

(a) Ionic nature of BeF₂

(b) Covalent nature of BeF₂

(d) None of the above

51. Mg reacts with powdered KCl and: 12202128

(a) Forms MgO

(b) Forms MgCl₂

(d) Burns with intense light

52. Bleaching action of Bleaching Powder is due to the formation of: 12202129

(a) O₂ (b) Cl₂

53. Calcium does not combine directly with: 12202130

(a) C (b) N₂

54. When Gypsum is heated under controlled conditions, it gives: 12202131

(a) CaO + SO₃(b) CaSO₃

55. Carbides of alkaline earth metals react with water to form acetylene except: 12202132

(a) CaC₂(b) SrC₂

56. The cation which gives a yellow precipitate with K₂CrO₄ in acetic acid is: 12202133

(a) NH (b) Na⁺

57. Which cannot be used to generate H₂?

12202134

(a) Al + NaOH (b) Zn + NaOH

58. Anhydrate, a drying agent is: 12202135

(a) Mg (ClO₄)₂ (b) Sr (ClO₄)₂

59. A basic refractory material is: 12202136

(a) SiO₂ (b) CaO

60. Ca⁺² is important in: 12202137

(a) Bones and teeth as Ca₃(PO₄)₂

(b) Enamel on teeth as fluoroapatite

(d) All of the above

61. Milk of magnesia is a suspension in water, used for treatment of acidity in stomach. It is: (Board 2010) 12202138

(a) MgSO₄(b) MgCO₃

62. Which of the following substances is used to decrease the acidity of the soil?

12202139

(a) Magnesium sulphate

(b) Calcium hydroxide

(d) Ammonium nitrate

63. When excess of CO₂ gas is passed through lime water, first white ppt. are formed, which soon disappear, due to formation of: 12202140

(a) CaCl₂

(b) Ca(OH)₂

(d) CaC₂O₄

64. Which one of the following elements is likely to have an electronegativity similar to that of Al? 12202141

(a) Ba (b) Be

65. Sodium does not show +2 oxidation state because of its: 12202142

(a) High electron affinity

(b) High second ionization potential

(d) High electronegativity

66. Asbestos is the mineral ore of: 12202143

(a) Mg (b) Al

67. When NaCl is dissolved in water, sodium ion becomes: 12202144

(a) Oxidized (b) hydrolyzed

68. Which compound is used for uric acid treatment in human beings? 12202145

(a) Li₂CO₃ (b) Na₂CO₃

69. Lithium chloride is soluble in some organic solvents while sodium chloride is not, because: 12202146

(a) Lattice energy of NaCl is less than that of LiCl^-

(b) Li⁺ has higher value of hydration energy than that of Na⁺¹

(d) Li⁺ has lower value of hydration energy than Na⁺

70. Which of the following is used in desiccators? 12202147

(a) MgCl₂ (b) CaCl₂

71. In Potassium Superoxide (KO₂) oxidation state of oxygen is: (Board 2007)

12202148

(a) -1 (b) -2

72. Dolomite is an ore of: (Board 2008)

12202149

(a) Sr (b) Mg

73. Which element is not present abundantly in the earth’s crust? 12202150

(Board 2008)

(a) Si (b) Al

74. Point out the element which form superoxide? (Board 2016) 12202151

(a) Li (b) Na

75. One of the following is applied on wall as white wash: (Board 2011) 12202152

(a) Lime water (b) Milk of lime

Short Questions

Q.1 Why alkali metals do not occur free in nature? 12202153

Q.2 LiF is insoluble but BeF₂ is soluble in water. Why? 12202154

Q.3 Beryllium is hard as iron but it is lightest of all the group IIA elements?

12202155

Q.4 Why are alkali metals strong reducing agents? (Board 2009) 12202156

Q.5 What is the trend of basicity of oxides down the group? 12202157

Q.6 What is hard finish plaster? 12202158

Q.7 What happens when CO₂ gas is passed through lime water?(Board 2008)12202159

Q.8 What are the solubilities of sulphates of alkali and alkaline earth metals? 12202160

Q.9 What is the function of calcium in a plants growth? 12202161

Q.10 How KO₂ can be used by mountaineers? (Board 2013) 12202162

Q.11 Which element of group IA reacts with nitrogen and carbon? 12202163

Q.12 Why Be does not react with water and reacts with alkali? 12202164

Q.13 What is the effect of temperature on hydroxides and carbonates of group IIA? 12202165

Q.14 What are two major problems during the working of Nelson’s cell? 12202166

Q.15 Why does lithium differ from its own family members? 12202167

Q.16 What are the solubilities of Alkali and Alkaline earth metal carbonates in water? 12202168

Q.17 Why lime water turns milky with CO₂ but becomes clear with excess of CO₂? (Board 2007, 09, 13) 12202169

Q.18 Why 2% gypsum is added to the cement? What is clinker?

(Board 2006, 08, 13, 16)12202170

Q.19 In alkaline earth metal group Ca, Sr, Ba impart colors to flame whereas Be and Mg do not. Explain. 12202171

Q.20 Point out the three advantages of Down’s cell process for preparation of sodium. 12202172

Q.21 Why sodium does not exist in +2 oxidation state? 12202173

Q.22 Why is sodium metal stored in Kerosene Oil? 12202174

Q.23 Why the aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃ is alkaline in nature? (Board 2007, 08, 10, 15) 12202175

Q.24 What is cement plaster and hard finish plaster? 12202176

Q.25 Give two similar behaviours of lithium and magnesium. 12202177

Q.26 Beryllium forms amphoteric oxides. Explain. (Board 2010) 12202178

Q.27 What is the difference between superoxide and peroxide? 12202179

Q.28 Which one is spectator ion is Nelson cell reaction? 12202180

Q.29 How the Cl₂ gas of Nelson cell can be contaminated with O₂? How this problem can be solved? 12202181

Q.30 How lime and sand are used to make glass? (Board 2015) 12202182

Q.31 Give the trend of solubility of group IIA hydroxides in the periodic table with a reason. (Board 2011) 12202183

Q.32 What is meant by dead burnt gypsum? 12202184

Q.33 How LiNO₃ and NaNO₃ differ on application of heat? Write chemical equation. OR Prove decomposition of lithium nitrate give different products than nitrates of other alkali metals.

(Board 2010, 2015,2016) 12202185

Q.34 How is lime mortar prepared?

(Board 2010, 2014) 12202186

Q.35 Solution of Na₂O in water is alkaline. Justify the statement. (Board 2011)

12202187

Q.36 Reaction of alkali metal oxide with water is an acid-base reaction not oxidation-reduction reaction. Explain. (Board 2013) 12202188

Q.37 Why alkali and alkaline earth metals are among the reactive elements of the periodic table? 12202189

Q.38 What is Plaster of Paris?

(Board 2013) 12202190

How gypsum is converted into Plaster of Paris?

Q.39 Why is lime added to acidic soil? (Board 2014) 12202191

Q.40 What is the action of litmus with aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃? (Board 2014)

12202192

Q.41 Give formulas of (i) Natron

(ii) Halite) (Board 2016) 12202193

Q.42 Justify that BeO is an amphoteric oxide. 12202194

Q.43 What is the effect of heat on hydroxides of alkali metals? 12202195

Q.44 Why is CaCl₂ added in molten NaCl in Down’s Cell? 12202196

Group III-A And Group I

V-A Elements

UNIT 3

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the correct answer.

1. Which of the following does not belong to IIIA group? 12203102

(a) B (b) Ge

2. Which of the following is most abundant in the earth crust? 12203103

(a) Al (b) Be

3. Which is most acidic? 12203104

(a) Na₂O (b) MgO

4. Boron differs from the other members of group IIIA because: 12203105

(a) It is a non–metal

(b) It is not covalent in its compounds

(d) It has maximum covalency of six

5. The Oxide of Boron is: 12203106

(a) Acidic (b) Basic

6. An aqueous solution of Borax is: 12203107

(a) corrosive (b) acidic

7. The compound formed in Borax bead test is: 12203108

(a) metal metaborate

(b) metal boride

8. The formula of pyroboric acid is: 12203109

(a) H₃BO₃ (b)HBO₂

9. Aluminum is corroded in coastal places near the sea, because protective oxide film: 12203110

(a) reacts with sea water

(b) is removed by sea water

(d) reacts with sand particles

10. Conc.–HNO₃ is stored in the container of: 12203111

(a) Cu (b) Al

11. Borax can be prepared by reacting boric acid with: 12203112

(a) caustic soda (b) caustic potash

12. The melting point of Sn and Pb is less as compared to group III elements because: 12203113

(a) they are large in size

(b) they are metalloids

(d) they are all metals

13. When Al is added to KOH solution:

12203114

(a) O₂ is evolved

(b) H₂is evolved

(d) No reaction occurs

14. Which of the following is a typical non– metal? 12203115

(a) Pb (b) Sn

15. Which of the following is not characteristic property of carbon:

12203116

(a) multiple bond formation

(b) catenation

(d) availability of d orbital for bonding

16. Poisonous gas present in fumes of automobiles is: 12203117

(a) CH₄ (b) C₂H₂

17. Silicon carbide in used as: 12203118

(a) Dehydrating agent (b) Abrassive

18. The structure of quartz, mica and asbestos have the common basic unit of: 12203119

(a) SiO₂ (b) (SiO₃)^2–

19. Quartz is made of silicon and oxygen linked in a network arrangement that is similar to: 12203120

(a) diamond (b) graphite

20. Which of the following is anhydride of silicic acid? 12203121

(a) Si₂O (b) SiO

21. A chemical garden of crystals forms when a coloured compound like FeSO₄, CuSO₄ etc. are taken in a solution of:

(a) CaSiO₃ (b) MgSiO₃12203122

22. Litharge or Massicot is the Oxide of lead, it is formed in different forms. It gives red colour in which crystalline form? 12203123

(a) Rhombic (b) Triclinic

23. Semiconductor is a substance that shows resistance to the passage of current, when it is heated, its resistance: 12203124

(a) increases (b) decreases

(d) first increases then decreases

24. Lead chromate when heated with alkalies they give: 12203125

(a) Brown colour (b) Yellow colour

25. Methyl silicon polymers are prepared when di–chloro, di–methyl silicon is allowed to react with: 12203126

(a) conc H₂SO₄ (b) CH₃Cl

26. The Electropositive character increases from B to Al and then decreases from Al to Tl down the group because of:

12203127

(a) Decrease in Ionization energy of the element

(b) Increase in size of the element

(c) Ineffective shielding of nuclear charge by d-electrons in case of Ga, In, Tl due to which the valence electrons are tightly held and are not easily lost

(d) Decrease in Electronegativity

27. Which is Amphoteric?(Board 2009)

12203128

(a) Cr₂O₃ (b) Mn₂O₃

28. Inert pair effect is observed when:

12203129

(a) Element shows inertness in chemical combination

(b) When a bond pair of electrons is present in the element

(d) Non-metallic character decreases

29. B differ from IIIA group elements because of: 12203130

(a) Absence of inert pair effect

(b) It’s high charge and small size

(d) All of the above

30. In electrolysis of alumina, cryolite is added: 12203131

(a) To decrease the M.P of Al₂O₃

(b) To increase electrical conductivity

(d) To remove impurity from alumina

31. Which is more acidic in water? 12203132

(a) AlCl₃ (b) BeCl₂

32. B⁺³ is unknown because of: 12203133

(a) High 1^st, 2^ndand 3^rd 1.E

(b) DH lattice is less than sum of three I.E

(d) All of the above

33. Al metal is purified by: 12203134

(a) Halls Process

(b) Baeyer’s Process

(d) None of the above

34. Borax bead test is not performed for:

(a) Cu (b) Ni 12203135

35. The formula of cryolite is: 12203136

(a) NaAlF₆ (b) NaAl₃F₆

36. The peculiar character of carbon from other family members is due to: 12203137

(a) Its very small size

(b) Non metallic character

(d) All of the above

37. Super cooled liquid is called as: 12203138

(a) Vitreous liquid

(b) Fused quartz

(d) All of the above

38. Which is not correct? 12203139

(a) On heating, conductivity of metal decreases

(b) On heating, conductivity of semi- conductor decreases

(d) On heating, conductivity of semi- conductor increases

39. Which is not semi conductor? 12203140

(a) SiC (b) NaCN

40. The viscosity of silicones increases by ________ when temperature is dropped: 12203141

(a) 100 times

(b) 4 times

(d) No change

41. Chemical composition of colemanite is: (Board 2006) 12203142

(a) Ca₂ B₆ O₁₁.5H₂O

(b) Ca B₄O₃ 4H₂O

(d) Ca NaB₅O₉.8H₂O

42. The solubility of Borax at 100°C is: 12203143

(a) 100 gram in 100 gram of H₂O

(b) 99 gram in 100 gram of H₂O

(d) 99.3 gram in 100 gram of H₂O

43. Which of the following does not form boric acid? 12203144

(a) Borax + HCl

(b) Borax + H₂SO₄

(d) Borax + Copper Oxide

44. Which of the following is soluble in water? 12203145

(a) Dioxoboric Acid

(b) Trioxoboric Acid

(d) Sodium Dioxoborate

45. Which of the following statements is correct? 12203146

(a) Aluminium is used for making ships

(b) Aluminium is less conductor of electricity than iron

(d) Aluminium is an excellent oxidizing agent

46. All crystalline forms of silica have regular tetrahedral arrangement of four oxygen atoms around each Si- atom, but differ in shapes due to:

12203147

(a) Different Si – O bond lengths

(b) Breakage of some Si - O bonds

(d) Different rotation of Si – O bond

47. Which of the following pigments is used for yellow marking of roads?

12203148

(a) Pb₃O₄ (b) 2PbCO₃.Pb(OH)₂

48. Ordinary glass is: 12203149

(a) Magnesium Silicate

(b) Calcium and Sodium Silicate

(d) Sodium Silicate

49. Which one of the following gases will turn lime water milky? 12203150

(a) Cl₂ (b) NO₂

50. What is the formula of red lead? 12203151

(a) Pb₃O₄(b) Pb₂O₃

51. Tincal is a mineral of 12203152

(Board 2006, 2014, 2016)

(a) Al (b) B

52. In borax bead test, when borax is heated with cobalt oxide it forms bead of: 12203153

(a) Black colour

(b) Blue colour

(d) Green colour

53. Which metal is used in the thermite process because of its activity? (Board 2009, 2013,2016) 12203154

(a) Iron (b) Copper

54. Boric acid cannot be used: (Board 2010)

12203155

(a) As antiseptic in medicine

(b) For washing eyes

(d) For enamels and glazes

55. Basic lead chromate is formed when lead chromate is boiled with: 12203156

(a) dilute alkali hydroxide

(b) dilute acid (c) strong acid

(d) strong alkali hydroxide

56. Orthoboric acid when heated to red hot gives: (Board 2011) 12203157

(a) boric anhydride

(b) Pyroboric acid

(d) tetraboric acid

57. Following is used in making fire proof clothes: (Board 2011) 12203158

(a) Water glass (b) Borax glass

58. Kaolin is a mineral of: (Board 2014)

12203159

(a) Carbon (b) Magnesium

59. Aluminium oxide is: (Board 2015)

12203160

(a) acidic oxide (b) basic oxide

60. Which element forms an ion with charge +3: 12203161

(a) Beryllium (b) Aluminium

61. Which electronic configuration corresponds to an element of Group-IIIA of the periodic table: 12203162

(a) 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p¹

(b) 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p⁶,4s²

(d) 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p³

62. Which element among the following belongs to Group IVA of the periodic table: (Board 2013) 12203163

(a) Barium (b) Iodine

63. Which of the following elements is not present abundantly in earth’s crust?

12203164

(a) Silicon (b) Aluminium

64. The chief ore of aluminium is:

(Board 2014, 2015) 12203165

(a) Na₃AlF₆ (b) Al₂O₃.2H₂O

65. White crystalline substance having 37% solubility in water at 107^oC is:

12203166

(a) Na₂B₄O₇ (b) HBO₂

66. China wares are made from a mixture of Kaolin, boneash and: 12203167

(a) Litharge (b) Asbestos

67. Which of the following is used in the manufacture of flint glass: 12203168

(a) Boric acid (b) Litharge

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q.1 Why the atomic size in group-III varies down the group? 12203169

Q.2 Why Boron differs from its own family members? 12203170

Q.3 Why aqueous solution of borax is alkaline in nature? (Board 2015) 12203171

Q.4 Why orthoboric acid (H₃BO₃) is called mono basic acid?

(Board 2011) 12203172

Q.5 Why Nitric acid is transported in Al containers? 12203173

Q.6 Tin and Lead are metals but their M.P and B.P is less than C, Si &Ge. Why?

12203174

Q.7 What is s-inert pair effect? 12203175

Q.8 Why CO₂ is gas and SiO₂ is solid although they are oxides of the same group? (Board 2006, 2013, 2014) 12203176

Q.9 What are acids of boron? Which one is most stable? (Board 2014) 12203177

Q.10 Why are silicones considered better lubricants than petroleum?

(Board 2008) 12203178

Q.11 What is Borax Bead Test?

(Board 2008, 2013) 12203179

Q.12 How does borax act as water softening agent? 12203180

Q.13 What is the effect of Heat on H₃BO₃? (Board 2009, 2014) 12203181

Q.14 What is Anodizing of “Al”? 12203182

Q.15 How are silicone polymers prepared? (Board 2009) 12203183

Q.16 How boric acid is titrated with alkali? 12203184

Q.17 What are semi conductors?

(Board 2010) 12203185

Q.18 Why Ge, Se and Si are semi conductors? 12203186

Q.19 What is chrome yellow? 12203187

Q.20 What is formula of white lead? Give its uses and properties also. 12203188

Q.21 How semi conductor is used in transistors? 12203189

Q.22 How aqueous solution of Borax turns red litmus into blue colour? 12203190

Q.23 What is the effect of temperature on semi conductor? 12203191

Q.24 How is the clay hardened? 12203192

Q.25 How does the structure of SiO₂ differ from CO₂.? 12203193

Q.26 How are ordinary petroleum compared with silicone oils as lubricant?

12203194

Q.27 What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of borax? 12203195

Q.28 What is thermite process? 12203196

Q.29 What happens when white lead is heated in air at about 340°C?(Board 2008) 12203197

Q.30 Why does Aluminium not react with HNO₃? (Board 2006) 12203198

Q.31 How is the glassy mass produced from borax? (Board 2008) 12203199

Q.32 What are silicates?(Board 2009)12203200

Q.33 Why is CO₂ non-polar in nature? OR Explain structure of CO₂. 12203201

(Board 2009, 2015)

Q.34 How carbon behaves differently from other members of its own group?

(Board 2010) 12203202

Q.35 How weathering phenomena convert Potassium feldspar into clay?

(Board 2010, 2014) 12203203

Q.36 Give uses of lead sub oxide.

(Board 2011) 12203204

Q.37 How Al finds its uses in metallurgy and photoflash bulbs? (Board 2011)12203205

Q.38 Give the names and the formulas of three ores of aluminium (Board 2006, 13)

12203206

Q.39 Write the reactions of boric acid with: (Board 2014, 2015) 12203207

Q.40 Give reactions of Al with (a) NaOH (b) H₂SO₄ 12203208

Q.41 What is chemical garden?

(Board 2014) 12203209

Q.42 Give two similarities between Carbon and silicon. (Board 2015) 12203210

Q.43 How borax can be prepared from colemanite? Give equation.

(Board 2016) 12203211

Q.44 Give any two uses of sodium silicate. (Board 2016) 12203212

Q.45 Give reaction when borax is heated with CoO. 12201213

Q.46 Write a structural formula showing silicon dioxide a covalent – network solid. What is its formula unit? 12203214

Q.47 Borate glazes are better than silicate glazes. Explain. 12203215

Q.48 What is chrome yellow? Give its uses. 12203216

UNIT 4

Group Va and Via Elements

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the correct answer.

1. Which of the following elements is most metallic? 12204060

(a) As (b) P

2. Which one of the following is acidic oxide? 12204061

(a) N₂O₃(b) N₂O₅

3. Nitric oxide is prepared by the action of dilute HNO₃ on: 12204062

(a) Fe (b) Cu

4. Laughing gas is prepared by heating:

12204063

(a) NaNO₃ (b) Ca(NO₃)₂

5. Ring test is used to confirm the presence of: 12204064

(a) Nitrogen

(b) Nitrogen dioxide

(d) Nitrate ion

6. Which allotropic form of phosphorus is very reactive & poisonous? 12204065

(a) Red (b) Black

7. Aqua Regia is a mixture of conc. HNO₃ and conc. HCl, its reactivity is due to the evolution of a gas: 12204066

(a) NO (b) NO₂

8. CH₃OH +? ¾¾® CH₃Cl + H₃PO₃:

12204067

(a) PCl₅(b) POCl₃

9. Phosphorus has the oxidation number +3 in: 12204068

(a) Metaphosphoric acid

(b) Orthophosphoric acid

(d) Pyrophosphoric acid

10. PCl₅ is kept in a well stoppered bottle because: 12204069

(a) It is highly volatile

(b) It is decomposed by light

(d) It reacts with moisture of air

11. Yellow colour of Nitric acid is due to the presence of: 12204070

(a) NO (b) NO₂

( (c) N₂O (d) N₂O₅

12. Oxygen is more electronegative than sulphur, yet H₂S is acidic and H₂O is neutral because: 12204071

(a) H₂O is associated due to H- bonding

(b) H-S bond is weaker than H-O bond

(d) Molecular weight of H₂S is more than H₂O

13. In contact process impurities of Arsenic are removed by: 12204072

(a) Fe(OH)₃(b) Al(OH)₃

14. The volatility of H₂SO₄ is low due to:

(a) Strong bonds 12204073

(b) High molecular mass

(d) Hydrogen bonding

15. Conc. H₂SO₄ dehydrate the oxalic acid into: 12204074

(a) CO₂ + H₂O

(b) CO + H₂O

(d) CO + CO₂ + H₂O

16. If current is allowed to pass through pure conc. H₂SO₄. It behaves as:

(a) Good conductor 12204075

(b) Non conductor

(d) Ionize into H⁺ &

17. Concentrated HNO₃ acts as oxidizing agent when treated with red phosphorus gives: 12204076

(a) P₂O₃(b) P₂O₅

18. Which one of the following is wrong statement about H₂SO₄? 12204077

(a) Sulphonating agent

(b) Highly viscous

(d) Oxidizing agent

19. Which element does not belong to group VI A? 12204078

(a) S (b) As

20. Which element of group VIA shows the only two covalency? 12204079

(a) S (b) O

21. Anamolous behaviour of Nitrogen is due to: 12204080

(a) Ease of formation of triple bond

(b) Its small size and high E.N.

(d) All of the above

22. N₂ molecule is less reactive due to: 12204081

(a) High E.N.

(b) Stable electronic configuration

(d) Small atomic radius

23. Which oxide changes to colorless solid? 12204082

(a) N₂O (b) N₂O₄

24. Which statement is false? 12204083

(a) NH₃ is a lewis acid

(b) NH₂ is triangular planar

(d) NH₃ (liquid) is used as a solvent

25. Moist ammonia gas is dried over: 12204084

(a) P₂O₅

(b) Anhydrous CaCl₂

(d) Conc. H₂SO₄

26. Nitrous oxide is prepared in the laboratory: 12204085

(a) By combination of N₂ and O₂

(b) Reduction of NO

(d) Thermal decomposition of NH₄NO₃

27. Aqueous solution of NH₃ consists of: 12204086

(a) H⁺(b)

28. In NO₃^-1 the number of Bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons on nitrogen are: 12204087

(a) 2, 2 (b) 3, 1

29. FeSO₄ forms brown ring with: 12204088

(a) NO₂(b) N₂O₃

30. The formula of laughing gas is: (Board 2010, 2013, 2015) 12204089

(a) N₂O (b) NO₂

31. NO₂ is used as: 12204090

(a) Rocket Fuel

(b) Catalyst in the manufacture of H₂SO₄ in lead chamber process

(d) All of the above

32. NO₂ is treated with KI then: 12204091

(a) I^-1 is oxidized

(b) I^-1 is reduced

(d) Potassium nitrite is not formed

33. HNO₂ acts as: 12204092

(a) Oxidizing agent

(b) Reducing agent

(d) Dehydrating agent

34. Zinc and v.dil. HNO₃ reacts to form:

12204093

(a) NO

(b) NO₂

(d) N₂O

35. Gold dissolves in aqua regia to give: 12204094

(a) Aurm Chloric Acid

(b) Auric Chloride

(d) Mixture of all of the above

36. Molecular formula of white phosphorous is: 12204095

(a) P₄(b) P

37. Which phosphorous is most stable? 12204096

(a) White (b) Black

38. What is general electronic configuration of VI, A group elements? 12204097

(a) ns² np⁴(b) ns² np³

39. AgNO₃ gives yellow ppt with: 12204098

(a) Ca₃(PO₄)₂(b) Na₃ PO₄

40. The catalyst used in contact process is: (Board 2009) 12204099

(a) P₂O₅(b) V₂O₅

41. Which is Tribasic Acid? 12204100

(a) H₃PO₄(b) H₃PO₃

42. Which of the following shows phosphorescence? 12204101

(a) Yellow P (b) Black P

43. What are possible products for hydrolysis of PCl₃? 12204102

(a) PH₃ + HClO (b) H₃PO₄ + HCl

44. Phosphorus when reacted with SOCl₂ gives: 12204103

(a) PCl₅(b) H₃PO₃

45. Which of the following cannot expand its outer shell of electrons beyond the octet? 12204104

(a) O (b) S

46. Which compound will give carbon with concentrated H₂SO₄? 12204105

(a) Starch

(b) Ethyl Alcohol

(d) Formic Acid

47. Which of the following is called oil of vitriol? 12204106

(a) H₂S (b) H₂SO₃

48. Which of the following chlorides gives white precipitate with H₂SO₄? 12204107

(a) NaCl (b) MgCl₂

49. When P₂O₅ is treated with Nitric Acid, the acid is converted to: 12204108

(a) NO₂(b) NO

50. When P₂O₃ is reacted with hot water the products formed are: 12204109

(a) H₃PO₃(b) H₃PO₄

51. The brown gas formed when metal reduces HNO₃ is: 12204110

(Board 2006, 2013, 2014) OR

Which of the following is a reddish brown gas:

(a) N₂O (b) N₂O₅

52. Oxidation of NO in air produces: (Board 2007,16) 12204111

(a) N₂O (b) N₂O₃

53. The percentage of nitrogen by volume in air is: (Board 2007) 12204112

(a) 98 (b) 88

54. Which of the following is not the property of phosphorous?(Board 2008)

12204113

(a) It means light bearing

(b) It does not exist free in nature

(d) It does not exist in allotropic forms

55. SO₃ is not absorbed in water directly to form H₂SO₄ because: (Board 2008) 12204114

(a) The reaction does not go to completion

(b) The reaction is quite slow

(d) SO₃ is insoluble in water

56. The most poisonous form of phosphorus is: 12204115

(a) White (b) Red

57. At 18^oC the specific gravity of H₂SO₄ is: (Board 2010) 12204116

(a) 1.891 (b) 1.834

58. Among the elements of VA group which has highest ionization energy:

(Board 2016) 12204117

(a) Nitrogen (b) Phosphorous

59. Among group VA elements, the most electronegative element is: 12204118

(a) Sb (b) N

60. Out of all the elements of group VIA, the highest melting and boiling point is shown by the element: 12204119

(a) Te (b) Se

61. Which of the following species has the maximum number of unpaired electrons? 12204120

(a) O₂ (b) O₂⁺

62. When sugar is treated with Conc.H₂SO₄, it becomes black due to: (Board 2013) 12204121

(a) Decolourization (b) Dehydration

63. Which of the following has three allotropic forms: 12204122

(a) Oxygen (b) Sulphur

64. Decomposition of NO₂ to NO and O₂ takes place at: 12204123

(a) 630^oC (b) 625^oC

65. The composition of aqua regia (by volume) is: 12204124

(a) 1 HNO₃, 3HCl (b) 2 HNO₃, 2HCl

Short Questions

Q.1 Why in group-V nitrogen can form maximum number of oxides? 12204125

Q.2 How N₂O resemble O₂? 12204126

Q.3 What products are obtained when NO₂ is allowed to dissolve in the presence & absence of O₂? 12204127

Q.4 In the formation of NO why electric arc is used? 12204128

Q.5 Why can HNO₃ acid give fumes in air? 12204129

Q.6 Why HNO₃ acid acts as an oxidizing agent? 12204130

Q.7 Why only HNO₃ is preferred to be used in explosive? 12204131

Q.8 Why is white phosphorous more reactive than red phosphorous? 12204132

Q.9 Why phosphorous acid H₃PO₃ acts as a dibasic acid? 12204133

Q.10 What are the natural sources of phosphorous? 12204134

Q.11 Why pure conc. H₂SO₄ is a non-conductor? 12204135

Q.12 Write some uses of H₂SO₄.

(Board 2014) 12204136

Q.13 The outer most p-Sub shell of group V-A elements are very stable. Why?

12204137

Q.14 How Nitrogen differ from other family members with reference to oxidation state? 12204138

Q.15 Justify N₂O is supporter of combustion. (Board 2014) 12204139

Q.16 How HNO₂ acts as an oxidizing agent? 12204140

Q.17 How HNO₂ acts as a reducing agent? (Board 2015) 12204141

Q.18 What is aqua regia? How it dissolves noble metals like gold?

(Board 2013, 14) 12204142

Q.19 How PCl₅ and NH₃ differ in structure? 12204143

Q.20 P₂O₅ is dehydrating agent. Justify.

(Board 2014) 12204144

Q.21 How oxygen differs from other family members? 12204145

Q.22 What are optimum conditions for manufacture of H₂SO₄ by contact Process?

12204146

Q.23 Why SO₃ gas is not dissolved directly in H₂O for the preparation of H₂SO₄? 12204147

Q.24 H₂SO₄ is known as king of chemicals. Why? (Board 2014) 12204148

Q.25 NO₂ is strong oxidizing agent. Justify with two examples.

(Board 2008) 12204149

Q.26 What types of oxides are formed by elements of group VA? 12204150

Q.27 What is the effect of temperature on phosphoric acid? (Board 2009) 12204151

Q.28 How does sulphur occur in nature? 12204152

Q.29 What are practical uses of HNO₃?

(Board 2014, 15) 12204153

Q.30 Why the outer most p-sub-shells of group VA are extra stable? 12204154

Q.31 Give the reactions of dilute nitric acid with: (Board 2006) 12204155

(a) Mg (b) Cu

Q.32 Sulphuric acid can be prepared by any concentration by contact process. Discuss. (Board 2007) 12204156

Q.33 Describe ring test for the confirmation of nitrate ions in solution.

(Board 2008, 2010) 12204157

Q.34 Why the elements of group VIA other than oxygen show more than two oxidation sates? (Board 2016) 12204158

Q.35 How red phosphorous is prepared from white phosphorous? 12204159

Q.36 Nitric acid acts as oxidizing agent while nitrous acid can act both as an oxidizing and a reducing agent. 12204160

Q.37 Oxygen is a gas while sulphur is a solid. Explain. 12204161

Q.38 Give the advantages of contact process for the manufacturing of sulphuric acid. (H₂SO₄). 12204162

Q.39 What is the effect of heat on NO₂? (Board 2009) 12204163

Q.40 Justify that Conc.H₂SO₄ acts as dehydrating agent by writing two equations.

(Board 2010, 2013, 2016) 12204164

Q.41 Name three allotropic forms of phosphorous. (Board 2011) 12204165

Q.42 Justify with one example each that HNO₃ is an acid, an oxidizing agent and nitrating agent. (Board 2008) 12204166

Q.43 State three reactions of Zinc with HNO₃ considering its concentration and temperature. (Board 2009) 12204167

Q.44 Give two methods for preparation of PCl₃. (Board 2013) 12204168

Q.45 Give the name of four elements which do not react with nitric acid. (Board 2013) 12204169

Q.46 Give the structure of HNO₂ and HNO₃. (Board 2010, 2013)

Q.47 What happens when NO₂ is dissolved in water? (Board 2014) 12204170

UNIT 5

The Halogens And The Noble Gases

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. Which of the following hydrogen halides is the weakest acid in solution?

(a) HF (b) HBr 12205056

2. Chlorine heptaoxide Cl₂O₇ reacts with water to form: (Board 2008) 12205057

(a) hypochlorous acid (b) chloric acid

(d) chlorine and oxygen

3. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest in the molecules of: (Board 2009) 12205058

(a) HF (b) HCl

4. Which halogen will react with Au spontaneously to produce Au⁺³? 12205059

(a) Br₂ (b) F₂(Board 2014)

5. The anhydride of HClO₄ is: (Board 2008, 2009, 2013) 12205060

(a) ClO (b) ClO₂

6. Bleaching powder may be produced by passing chlorine over: 12205061

(a) calcium carbonate

(b) hydrated calcium sulphate

(d) calcium hydroxide

7. Which is the strongest acid? 12205062

(a) HClO (b) HClO₂(Board 2014, 15) (c) HClO₃ (d) HClO₄

8. Which halogen occurs naturally in a positive oxidation state? (Board 2016)12205063

(a) Fluorine (b) Chlorine

9. An element that has high ionization energy and tends to be chemically inactive would most likely to be: 12205064

(a) an alkali metal

(b) a transition element

(d) a halogen

10. Which of the following represents the correct electronic configuration of the outermost energy level of an element of zero (VIII) group in the ground state?

(a) s²p² (b) s²p⁴12205065

11. Which is the radioactive halogen?

(a) Br (b) At 12205066

12. Which of the following halogens is solid at room temperature? 12205067

(a) I₂ (b) Br₂

13. Photographic plates are coated with a film of: 12205068

(a) AgNO₃ (b) AgI

14. Fluorine is largely used in: 12205069

(a) rocket fuels

(b) making Teflon

(d) All of the above

15. What is the formula of Teflon? 12205070

(a) CCl₃.F₂ (b) (C₂F₄)_n

16. One of the halogens which forms the maximum number of compounds with Xe is: 12205071

(a) F (b) Cl

17. Halogens react with H₂S and: 12205072

(a) form sulphur halides (b) are reduced

18. Iodine stains can be removed by:

12205073

(a) CaSO₄ (b) NaCl

19. The most stable oxyacid of chlorine is: OR which one is perchloric acid? 12205074

(a) HClO₄ (b) HClO₃

20. The acid employed for etching of glass is: 12205075

(a) Aqua regia (b) HF

21. Which of the following has the highest pH value? 12205076

(a) HF (b) HCl

22. Bleaching powder is a salt of: 12205077

(a) HClO (b) HClO₂

23. The decomposition of potassium chlorate is a disproportionation reaction which gives: 12205078

(a) KClO₄ + KCl + O₂

(b) KClO₂ + KCl

(d) KClO + KCl

24. A gas with boiling point -61^oC usually collected from the radioactive decay of radium isotopes is: 12205079

(a) Ne (b) Ar

25. Which of the following is used as a non-stick coating for cooking PANS?

12205080

(a) PVC

(b) Teflon

(d) Ethylene dibromide

26. Sodium or potassium iodide is added to the iodized salt to avoid: 12205081

(a) Hyper acidity (b) Hypertension

27. Krypton traces present in air, colourless, odourless, and fairly expensive gas give line emission spectrum with spectral lines of: 12205082

(a) Yellow colour

(b) Red colour

(d) Green and orange colour

28. Helium gas is used in: 12205083

(a) Traffic signals

(b) Electric bulbs

(d) Bactericidal lamps

29. Fluorine does not form salts like NaClO₃, NaIO₃ because: 12205084

(a) F is small sized atom

(b) F has maximum electronegativity

(d) F has valence shell octet

30. Which of the halogens does not form pentahalide of phosphorus? 12205085

(a) F (b) Cl

31. Chlorine acts as bleaching agent only in the presence of: 12205086

(a) Pure O₂ (b) Dry Air

32. Which of the following acids is thermally stable? 12205087

(a) HClO₃ (b) HClO

33. Which of the following halogens will not form oxyacid? 12205088

(a) Cl (b) F

34. All halogens act as oxidizing agents when: 12205089

(a) They combine with non-metals

(b) They combine with noble gases

(d) Both (a) and (c)

35. Which of the following is found naturally in free form? 12205090

(a) F₂ (b) Cl₂

36. Which of the following has only -1 oxidation state? 12205091

(a) F (b) Br

37. The deficiency of iodine in diet causes a disease in human beings called: 12205092

(a) Beri-Beri (Board 2010)

(b) Night blindness

38. In the preparation of Cl₂ from HCl, MnO₂ acts as: 12205093

(a) Reducing agent

(b) Dehydrating agent

(d) Catalytic agent

39. Iodine is most soluble in solution of:

(a) KMnO₄ (b) KI 12205094

40. Which of the following is used in radiotherapy for cancer treatment?

12205095

(a) Rn (b) Xe (Board 2006)

41. Among noble gases, xenon has more common compounds due to its:

(a) Zero electron affinity 12205096

(b) Structure

(d) Low ionization energy

42. Which noble gas is used in bactericidal lamps? 12205097

(a) He (b) Kr

43. Which of the following cannot be bleached by the bleaching powder?

12205098

(a) Cotton (b) Paper pulp

44. Xe fluorides can be reduced to Xe by treating them with: 12205099

(a) Carbon (b) Hydrogen

45. Which of the following inert gases is used in fluorescent tubes and in radio tubes? 12205100

(a) He (b) Ne

46. For bleaching powder which is incorrect? 12205101

(a) Reacts with dilute acid to release Cl₂ (b) Light yellow coloured powder

(d) Oxidizing agent

47. Silver bromide is used in: (Board 2010)

12205102

(a) Paints (b) Photography

48. The strongest acid is (Board 2011)

12205103

(a) HF (b) HBr

49. The element which causes burn to skin that heals slowly. (Board 2011) 12205104

(a) F₂ (b) Br₂

50. Which of the following noble gas is used for arc welding and cutting:

(Board 2016) 12205105

(a) Helium (b) Argon

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q.1 Why fluorine has low dissociation energy? 12205106

Q.2 Why HF is a liquid and other are gases? 12205107

Q.3. Why iodine has metallic luster?

(Board 2010, 2014, 2015) 12205108

Q.4 How does bleaching powder act as an oxidizing agent? 12205109

Q.5 Halogens are strong oxidizing agents. Why? 12205110

Q.6 Why fluorine and chlorine act as decolorizing agents? (Board 2008) 12205111

Q.7 How do you justify that Cl₂O₇ is the anhydride of perchloric acid? 12205112

Q.8 How does radon differs from its own family members? 12205113

Q.9 Give uses of Helium? (Board 2016)

12205114

Q.10 How the solubilities of noble gases are affected in water? (Board 2015) 12205115

Q.11 What is the effect of high voltage on noble gases? 12205116

Q.12 How is xenon obtained? 12205117

Q.13 What are the commercial uses of iodine? 12205118

Q.14 How do you justify the decreasing bond dissociation energy of halogen acids?

12205119

Q.15 What are the reasons due to which fluorine shows peculiar behaviour from other members of the group? 12205120

Q.16 Why HClO₄ is a strong acid than HBrO₄ and HIO₄? 12205121

Q.17 How will you justify that the reaction of chlorine with NaOH in the cold state is disproportionation reaction?

12205122

Q.18 Compare the acidic strengths of halogen acids. 12205123

Q.19 What is the order of oxidizing power of halogens? 12205124

F₂ + 2Cl^-1 ¾¾® Cl₂ + 2F^-1

Q.20 Why hydrogen fluoride is a liquid and other are gases? 12205125

Q.21 What are the commercial uses of bromine? 12205126

Q.22 What factors affect the oxidizing power of halogens? 12205127

Q.23 What is the trend of thermodynamic properties of halogen acids? 12205128

Q.24 What are freons and Teflon? Write structural formula of Teflon. Give uses.

(Board 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016) 12205129

Q.25 Give important uses of radon.

12205130

Q.26 The acidic strength of the oxyacids of halogens increases with the increase in the number of oxygen atoms why? 12205131

(Board 2006, 2014)

Q.27 Why is HF a weaker acid than HCl? (Board 2008, 09, 10, 14, 15) 12205132

Q.28 How are the halogen acids ionized in water? Also give the chemical equation.

(Board 2008, 11) 12205133

Q.29 How is the activity of bleaching powder measured? (Board 2009) 12205134

Q.30 F₂ is gas while I₂ is solid at room temperature. Why? (Board 2009) 12205135

Q.31 The elements of VIIIA group are called noble gases. Comment.

(Board 2011) 12205136

Q.32 Give the names and formulae of oxyacids of chlorine. (Board 2014) 12205137

Q.33 Write the reaction of NaOH with Cl₂ in cold state. (Board 2014) 12205138

Q.34 Write any two uses of krypton.

(Board 2016) 12205139

Q.35 The viscosity of water is more than HF. Justify. 12205140

Q.36 F – F bond in fluorine is weaker than Cl – Cl bond in chlorine. Why? 12205141

Q.37 Why halogens are colored?

Q.38 Why most of noble gas compounds involve only fluorine and oxygen? 12205143

UNIT 6

Transition Elements

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. The electronic configuration of Cu

(At No. 29) is: 12206054

(a) [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s² (b) [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s¹

2. Group VII – B of transition elements contains: 12206055

(a) Cu, Ag, Au (b) Mn, Tc, Re

3. Lanthanides and Actinides are also called: 12206056

(a) inner transition elements

(b) outer transition elements

(d) non typical transition elements

4. Fe⁺³ is strongly paramagnetic and has:

(a) 2 unpaired electrons 12206057

(b) 3 unpaired electrons

(d) 5 unpaired electrons

5. Coordination number of iron in K₄[Fe(CN)₆] is: 12206058

(a) + 3 (b) + 4

6. Which one is not a typical transition metal? 12206059

(a) Ag (b) Au

7. The number of unpaired electrons in Mn⁺² is: 12206060

(a) 3 (b) 5

8. The strength of binding energy of transition elements depends upon:

(Board 2013, 2014) 12206061

(a) no. of unpaired electrons

(b) number of valence electrons

(d) number of bond pairs

9. Mild steel contains carbon percentage: (Board 2016) 12206062

(a) 0.1 – 0.2% (b) 0.3 – 0.7%

10. The formula of limonite (ore of iron) is:

12206063

(a) FeO (b) Fe₃O₄

11. The percentage of carbon in different types of iron products is in the order:

12206064

(a) wrought iron > steel > cast iron

(b) cast iron > wrought iron > steel

(d) cast iron > steel > wrought iron

12. The colour of transition metal complexes is due to: (Board 2014) 12206065

(a) paramagnetic nature

(b) variable oxidation states

(d) high conductivity

13. Which is formula of tetra-ammine chloro-nitro platinum (IV) sulphate? 12206066

(a) [Pt(NH₃)₄ (NO₂)Cl]SO₄

(b) [Pt(NO₂)Cl(NH₃)₄] SO₄

(d) [Pt(NH₃)₄ (NO₂)] SO₄

14. In steel presence of some Mn provides: 12206067

(a) rust proofing

(b) hardness & tensile strength

(d) malleability

15. The equation

2CrO₄^2- + 2H⁺ Cr₂O₇^2- + H₂O

is at equilibrium, what will happen if OH^- ions are added to it: 12206068

(a) equilibrium shifts to left

(b) equilibrium shifts to right

(d) none of the above

16. Chromyl chloride test is performed for the identification of: 12206069

(a) K⁺ ions (b) Na⁺ ions

17. The oxidation state of Mn in K₂MnO₄ is: 12206070

(a) + 5 (b) + 6

18. d-block elements which show anam- olous configuration in first series are:

12206071

(a) Cr & Cu (b) Cr & Ni

19. The state of hybridization of Cu in [Cu(NH₃)₄]⁺² is: 12206072

(a) sp³ (b) dsp²

20. Transition elements form complexes because they have: 12206073

(a) small sizes

(b) strong binding energy

(d) large nuclear charge

21. The most durable metal plating on iron to protect against corrosion is: 12206074

(a) nickel plating

(b) copper plating

(d) zinc plating

22. Bessemer converter is used for the manufacture of: 12206075

(a) steel (b) wrought iron

23. Acidified KMnO₄ acts as: 12206076

(a) oxidizing agent (b) reducing agent

24. Stadeler’s process is used to prepare: (Board 2013) 12206077

(a) K₂MnO₄ (b) K₂CrO₄

25. What is the formula of chromyl chloride? 12206078

(a) CrOCl (b) CrO₂Cl₂

26. A complex of the polydentate ligands with same metal ion which has one or more rings in its structure are called:

(a) Leachates 12206079

(b) Polymers

(d) Interstitial compounds

27. If the complex ion is negatively charged then the name of the metal ends in: 12206080

(a) -O (b) -ate

28. The complex [Ti(H₂O)₆]⁺³ absorbs yellow light, while most of the blue and red lights are transmitted, therefore the solution of complex looks in ____colour: 12206081

(a) red (b) green

29. The maximum oxidation state is shown by which of the following transition elements? 12206082

(a) chromium (b) iron

30. Which of the following group elements are called non-typical transition elements? 12206083

(a) group II B and IV B

(b) group II B and III B

(d) group I B and II B

31. The geometry of the complex [Co(NH₃)₆]⁺³ is: 12206084

(a) tetrahedral

(b) square Planar

(d) octahedral

32. The formula of haematite ore of iron is: 12206085

(a) Fe₂O₃ (b) Fe₃O₄

33. Which of the following is not a slag? (a) MnSiO₃ (b) FeSiO₃ 12206086

34. The manufacturing of steel by open hearth process completes in: 12206087

(a) 8 hours (b) 6 hours

35. The open hearth furnace will have acidic lining of SiO₂ when the impurities present in cast iron contains: 12206088

(a) P and S (b) Mn and S

36. The open hearth furnace is lined with dolomite (CaO, MgO), basic lining when impurities in cast iron contains:

12206089

(a) P and Si (b) P and S

37. Chromates and dichromates are the salts of: 12206090

(a) H₃CrO₄ and H₂Cr₂O₇

(b) H₂CrO₄ and H₂Cr₂O₇

(d) HCrO₄ and H₂CrO₄

38. The Cr₂O and CrO₄^-2 ions in an aqueous solution exist in equilibrium, when acid is added to such solution, the equilibrium will shift: 12206091

(a) left side

(b) right side

(d) both forward and reverse side

39. The oxidation state of Ag in the complex [Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl is: 12206092

(a) +2 (b) +3

40. K₂Cr₂O₇ is used as: 12206093

(a) disinfectant (b) germicide

41. Which of the following is a typical transition element? (Board 2016) 12206094

(a) Si (b) Y

42. Group IIB of transition elements contains: 12206095

(a) Zn, Cd, Hg (b) Fe, Ru, Os

43. Wrought iron contains: 12206096

(a) 0.12% to 2.5% C

(b) 0.15% to 1.5% C

(d) 1.5% to 2.5% C

44. The chemical formula of pyrolusite is: 12206097

(a) MnO₂ (b) K₂MnO₄

45. The geometrical shape of the complex ion [Mn Cl₄]^-2 is: 12206098

(a) Tetrahedral

(b) Octahedral

(d) Square Planar

46. In the manufacture of steel by open hearth furnace, the temperature is kept at: 12206099

(a) 100°C (b) 1600°C

47. Rusting of metal takes place in: 12206100

(a) air (b) moist air

48. Which of the following metals is found most abundant in earth crust? 12206101

(a) Fe (b) Al

49. KMnO₄ when reacts with sulphuric acid, produces: 12206102

(a) HMnO₂

(b) MnO₂

(d) 3 Oxygen -atoms

50. Which of the following compounds generally forms purple crystals?

12206103

(a) K₂CrO₄ (b) K₂Cr₂O₇

51. Which of the following ions contains five unpaired electrons? 12206104

(a) Cr⁺³ (b) Ni⁺²

52. Which one of the following is not slag? 12206105

(a) Na₂SiO₃ (b) CaSiO₃

53. When iron atoms are substituted by Cr, Mn and Ni atoms, then it is called:

12206106

(a) alloy Steel (b) bronze

54. Which one of the following ions is colourless? 12206107

(a) Sc⁺³ (b) Ti⁺³

55. Which one of the following elements does not show variable oxidation state?

(a) Sc (b) Cu 12206108

56. Which of the following pairs is strongly paramagnetic? 12206109

(a) Mn⁺², Fe⁺² (b) Mn⁺³, Fe⁺²

57. Zn⁺² salts are colourless due to: 12206110

(a) no of unpaired d-electrons

(b) all d-electrons are unpaired

(d) two d-orbitals are hybridized

58. Large pieces of magnesium are bolted to ships to prevent corrosion of the iron propeller shaft. Mg acts as: 12206111

(a) sacrificial cathode

(b) sacrificial anode

59. Water pipes are protected from rust by: 12206112

(a) tin plating

(b) galvanizing with Zn

(d) none of the above

60. In acidic medium which one of the following acts as oxidizing agent?

(a) K₂CO₃ (b) KI 12206113

61. The name of [Ni(CO)₄] is: 12206114

(a) Nickel (II) Tetracarbonyl

(b) Tetracarbonyl Nickel (0)

(d) Tetra carbonyl nickel (IV)

62. Pure iron rod having no impurity when dipped in water then the iron is:

(a) oxidized (b) corroded 12206115

63. Aluminum is added to the steel when manufactured at the end. It is added to: 12206116

(a) protect it from rusting

(b) remove slag

(d) to remove bubbles of gases such as Nitrogen

64. The formula of natural chromite is:

12206117

(a) Cr₂(SO₄)₃ (b) FeO. Cr₂O₃

65. The element which extracts carbon from cast iron in Bessemer converter is: 12206118

(a) Mn (b) Si (Board 2006)

66. Which of the following is a non-typical transition element? (Board 2007, 15) 12206119

(a) Cr (b) Mn

67. The first transition series starts with: (Board 2007) 12206120

(a) Sc (b) Y

68. Group VI-B of transition elements contains: (Board 2008, 09) 12206121

(a) Zn, Cd, Hg (b) Mn, Te, Re

69. Oxidation number of Fe in K₄[Fe(CN)₆] is: (Board 2009) 12206122

(a) +4 (b) +2

70. Coordination number of Pt in [PtCl(NO₂)(NH₃)₄] is:

(Board 2010, 15) 12206123

(a) 2 (b) 4

71. f-block elements are also called: 12206124

(a) non-typical transition elements

(b) outer transition elements (Board 2011)

(d) normal transition elements

72. Following property of transition metal does not vary with a regular pattern:

12206125

(a) binding energy

(b) melting point

(d) cationic radius

73. The total number of transition elements is: 12206126

(a) 10 (b) 14

74. The coordination number of Cu in [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄ is: (Board 2014) 12206127

(a) Zero (b) Two

75. Fe⁺³ and Mn⁺² are strongly paramagnetic as they both have _____ unpaired electrons. 12206128

(a) Six (b) Four

76. CrO₂Cl₂ is a: 12206129

(a) Colorless gas (b) Deep red liquid

SHORT ANSWERS

Q.1 Tin plated Iron gets rusted more rapidly when the protective coating is damaged than unplated Iron. Why?

(Board 2009, 13, 14) 12206130

Q.2 How galvanizing helps to protect Iron from rusting? (Board 2009) 12206131

Q.3 What are typical and non-typical transition elements? (Board 2008, 14) 12206132

Q.4 What is paramagnetism? What are its units? (Board 2009, 2014) 12206133

Q.5 What is d – d transition? / Why transition metal compounds are coloured?

12206134

Q.6 What are interstitial compounds?

12206135

Q.7 What are substitutional alloys?

12206136

Q.8 How formula of a complex ion is written when its name is given? 12206137

Q.9 What is corrosion? 12206138

Q.10 What is the % age of C in steel?

12206139

Q.11 Define sacrificial corrosion.

(Board 2016) 12206140

Q.12 Give chemistry of chromyl chloride test. (Board 2010, 2013, 2016) 12206141

Q.13 Give two methods of preparing KMnO₄. 12206142

Q.14 What are chelates?

(Board 2007, 2010, 14) 12206143

Q.15 What is coordination sphere? Explain with an example.

(Board 2006) 12206144

Q.16 What is meant by coordination number? (Board 2009) 12206145

Q.17 What is the trend of binding energies in transition elements? 12206146

Q.18 Why transition metals show catalytic properties? 12206147

Q.19 What is the trend of ionization energy in the transition elements? 12206148

Q.20 Why Cu and Cr shows abnormal electronic distribution? 12206149

Q.21 What are various forms of commercial iron? (Board 2015) 12206150

Q.22 What type of open hearth furnaces are used for manufacturing of steel? 12206151

Q.23 Why little amount of Aluminium is added at the end of melting process in Bessemer’s Converter?

(Board 2008, 09, 10) 12206152

Q.24 How corrosion of metals can be prevented? 12206153

Q.25 What are the uses of potassium chromate? 12206154

Q.26 What are physical properties of potassium permanganate? 12206155

Q.27 How chromate ions are converted into dichromate ions? 12206156

Q.28 What are inner transition elements? 12206157

Q.29 Why Sc⁺³, Zn⁺² and Ti⁺⁴ ions form colorless compounds? 12206158

Q.30 Which element of the 3d-series has maximum number of oxidation states and why? 12206159

Q.31 How many un-paired electrons are present in Cr(24) and Ag(47)? Mention also their electronic configurations.

(Board 2010) 12206160

Q.32 Write formulas of chromate and dichromate ions. In which color they usually exist? (Board 2011) 12206161

Q.33 Complete and balance the following chemical equation: (Board 2016) 12206162

KMnO₄ + FeSO₄ + H₂SO₄ ® ?

Q.34 Why transition elements are called so? 12206163

Q.35 The melting and boiling points of Zn, Cd and Hg are low. Why? 12206164

Q.36 A transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides. Give reason. 12206165

Q.37 Define the terms ligands, coordination sphere and coordination number. 12206166

Q.38 What are commercial forms of Iron? 12206167

UNIT 7

Fundamental Principles of

Organic Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. The state of hybridization of carbon atom in methane is: 12207043

(a) sp² (b) sp³ (Board 2007, 09, 13)

2. In t-butyl alcohol, the tertiary carbon is bonded to: 12207044

(a) two hydrogen atoms

(b) three hydrogen atoms

(d) no hydrogen atom

3. Which set of hybrid orbitals has planar triangular shape?(Board 2006, 13) 12207045

(a) sp³ (b) sp

4. The chemist who synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate was:12207046

(a) Berzellius (b) Kolbe

5. Linear shape is associated with which set of hybrid orbitals?(Board 2009) 12207047

(a) sp (b) sp²

6. A double bond consists of: 12207048

(a) two sigma bonds

(b) one sigma and one pi bond

(d) two pi-bonds

7. Ethers show the phenomenon of:

(a) position isomerism 12207049

(b) functional group isomerism

8. Select from the following which one is alcohol? 12207050

(a) CH₃ – CH₂ – OH

(b) CH₃ – O – CH₃

(d) CH₃ – CH₂ – Br

9. Petroleum is a mixture of: 12207051

(a) alkanes and alkenes

(b) more than 10% heterocyclic compounds

10. A heterocyclic compound with molecular formula C₄H₅N is called:

12207052

(a) pyridine (b) piperidine

11. The hydrocarbon having octane number 100 is: 12207053

(a) Neo-octane

(b) n-hexane

(d) iso-octane

12. Tetraethyl lead is an organometallic compound which is used: 12207054

(a) As anti knock agent

(b) To help in combustion

(d) To increase octane number of petroleum

13. The chain isomers shown by pentane are: (Board 2011) 12207055

(a) 2 (b) 5

14. Which isomerism can be possible for
2-chloro 3-methyl butane? 12207056

(a) functional group isomerism

(b) chain isomerism

(d) metamerism

15. When petroleum is heated, the first batch of vapours obtained is rich in:

12207057

(a) petroleum ether

(b) lubricating oil

(d) diesel oil

16. n-butyl alcohol and diethyl ether are:

12207058

(a) geometric isomers

(b) position isomers

(d) metamers

17. Which of the following statements is correct for the structure? 12207059

(a) it is a cis – isomer

(b) it is a trans isomer

(d) it has only one structural isomer

18. The name of the functional group in the 12207060

(a) ether (b) ester

19. The compounds containing – SH functional group are called: 12207061

(a) alcohols (b) thio alcohols

20. Which of the following is not heterocyclic? 12207062

(a) aniline (b) pyridine

21. Which of the following fractions is gasoline or petrol? 12207063

(a) C₁ – C₄ (b) C₅ – C₈

22. Which of the following is different from the other three? 12207064

(a) peat (b) anthracite

23. Most of the hydrocarbons from petroleum are obtained by: 12207065

(a) polymerization

(b) fractional crystallization

(d) fractional distillation

24. Which of the following compounds will exhibit cis-trans (geometrical) isomerism? 12207066

(a) butanol

(b) 2-butyne

(d) 2-butene

25. The compound having molecular formula C₆H₁₄ has chain isomers:

12207067

(a) 6 (b) 4

26. The hardest coal is: 12207068

(a) lignite (b) bituminous

27. Reforming is a process used to produce: 12207069

(a) branched chain hydrocarbons

(b) unsaturated hydrocarbons

(d) aromatic hydrocarbons

28. Which of the following is an organic compound? 12207070

(a) HCN (b) CO₂

29. The self linking property of carbon is called: 12207071

(a) linkage (b) catenation

30. Which of the following is an example of alkanal? 12207072

(a) acetaldehyde (b) alcohol

31. Carbocyclic compounds containing a benzene ring are categorized as: 12207073

(a) alicyclic (b) aromatic

32. The group is called: 12207074 (a) alkyl group

(b) aryl group

(d) allyl group

33. In most of organic compounds, carbon behaves as: 12207075

(a) monovalent

(b) divalent

(d) tetravalent

34. The type of isomerism shown by amino acids will be: 12207076

(a) position (b) Chain

35. The general formula (RCO)₂O represents: 12207077

(a) an ether

(b) an acid anhydride

(d) a-ketone

36. Homologues differ from each other by 12207078

(a) CH group (b) CH₃ group

37. Neo – Pentane is: 12207079

(a) aromatic (b) aliphatic

38. Steam cracking will produce: 12207080

(a) cyclic compounds

(b) aromatic compounds

(d) branched compounds

39. Fossil fuel is the term denoting: 12207081

(a) petroleum (b) coal

40. When coal is heated in the absence of air, it is converted to: 12207082

(a) coke (b) coal tar

41. Which of the following is used as a jet fuel? 12207083

(a) ligroin (b) kerosene

42. Gasoline of higher octane number is produced by: (Board 2014) 12207084

(a) thermal cracking

(b) catalytic cracking

(d) reforming

43. The IUPAC name of is: 12207085

(a) methyl ethanoate

(b) ethyl ethanoate

(d) ethyl acetate

44. Esters are derivatives of: 12207086

(a) alkane (b) alkanoic acid

45. The presence of tetraethyl lead in petrol increases: 12207087

(a) knocking (b) burning

46. The general formula of alkyne is:

12207088

(a) C_n H_2n_-₂ (b) C_n H_2n+2

47. Which of the following functional groups is always terminal? 12207089

(a) aldehyde - CHO

(b) alcohol - OH

(d) halogens - X

48. Which of the following contains highest percentage of carbon? 12207090

(a) peat (b) coke

49. A knocking sound is produced in engine when the fuel: 12207091

(a) burns slowly

(b) burns quickly

(d) contain water

50. Carbon shows maximum capacity of catenation because: 12207092

(a) Carbon shows variable valency (b) C - C bond strength is very low

(d) C - C bond strength is very high

51. The boiling point range of petroleum ether is: (Board 2007) 12207093

(a) 5-20^oC (b) 10-30^oC

52. Which of the following is not heterocyclic compound? (Board 2008)

12207094

(a) thiophene (b) furan

53. The state of hybridization of carbon in ethane is: (Board. 2008) 12207095

(a) sp³ (b) sp²

54. The state of hybridization of carbon atom in ethene is: (Board 2010) 12207096

(a) sp³ (b) sp²

55. Geometric isomerism is shown by:

12207097

(a) methane (b) ethane (Board 2010)

56. The isomerism shown by alkanes is:

(Board 2011) 12207098

(a) skeletal (b) position

57. Carbon atom in which of the following is sp²-hybridized? (Board 2011) 12207099

(a) CH₃CN (b) CHºCH

58. Vital force theory was rejected by:

(Board 2014) 12207100

(a) G.N. Lewis

(b) Friedrick Wohler

(d) Greek philosophers

59. _____ SH functional group is called:

12207100

(a) Cyano (b) Mercapto

60. A heterocyclic compound with molecular formula C₄H₄S is called:

12207101

(a) Pyridine (b) Furan

Short Questions

Q.1 What is the significance of cracking of petroleum? 12207102

Q.2 What are various types of coal?

12207103

Q.3 Differentiate between thermal and catalytic cracking. (Board. 2007) 12207104

Q.4 How the phenomenon of isomerism makes the organic compounds greater in number? 12207105

Q.5 What is knocking of engine?

(Board 2015) 12207106

Q.6 What are nitriles? 12207107

Q.7 What is structural isomerism?

12207108

Q.8 Why peat or lignite is not a good coal for fuel purpose? 12207109

Q.9 What is geometrical or Cis-trans isomerism? (Board 2008) 12207110

Q.10 What type of compounds will show cis-trans isomerism? 12207111

Q.11 Why organic compounds show slow reaction? 12207112

Q.12 What is the composition of natural gas? 12207113

Q.13 How many derivatives of carboxylic acid are found? 12207114

Q.14 How many types of cyclic compounds are present? 12207115

Q.15 Name only the important features of an organic compound. 12207116

Q.16 How coal is considered as the source of organic compounds? 12207117

Q.17 Why is cracking performed?12207118

Q.18 Why catalytic cracking is better than thermal cracking? (Board 2009) 12207119

Q.19 How tetraethyl lead reduce knocking? 12207120

Q.20 Why the boiling point of iso octane is less than n-octane? 12207121

Q.21 What is the disadvantage of addition of tetraethyl lead in petrol?12207122

Q.22 What is the difference between amine and imine functional group? 12207123

Q.23 What are thio alcohols or mercapto? 12207124

Q.24 Name five oxygen containing functional groups. (Board 2008, 14) 12207125

Q.25 Why carbon shows different types of hybridization in organic compounds?

12207126

Q.26 What is the source of energy in carbon used to excite the electron from 2s to 2p-orbital? 12207127

Q.27 What is the difference between sigma and Pi bond? 12207128

Q.28 What is isomerism, name its types?

12207129

Q.29 What is metamerism? 12207130

Q.30 What is fractional distillation of petroleum? 12207131

Q.31 What is the functional group of acetamide? Give an example. 12207132

Q.32 What are homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds? Give example.

(Board 2008, 14, 15) 12207133

Q.33 Write the structural formulas of the isomers of C₅H₁₂. (Board 2008) 12207134

Q.34 Define isomerism and write names of four types of structural isomerism.

(Board .2009) 12207135

Q.35 What are non-benzenoid or alicyclic or homocyclic compounds?

(Board. 2009,10, 11, 14) 12207136

Q.36. How do you define octane number? How can it be improved?

(Board 2009, 2016) 12207137

Q.37 Explain tautomerism with the help of an example. (Board 2009, 10, 13) 12207138

Q.38 Give names and formulas of any two heterocyclic aromatic compounds.

(Board 2010) 12207139

Q.39 How vital force theory was discarded? OR (Board 2010, 15) 12207140

Name the organic compound first of all prepared in the laboratory and how?

Q.40 Give shapes and angles of following compounds using hybridization approach.

(Board 2011) 12207141

Q.41 Define reforming of petroleum.

(Board 2013) 12207142

Q.42 What is Carbonization?

(Board 2015) 12207143

Q.43 What are aromatic compounds? Explain with example. (Board 2016) 12207144

Q.44 What are alicyclic compounds? Give two examples. (Board 2016) 12207145

Q.45 Write the functional group of aldehyde and Ketone, give one example of each. (Board 2016) 12207146

Q.46 What do you mean by homologous series? 12207147

Q.47 What is Petroleum? Give its origins. 12207148

Q.48 What is coal? Give its importance.

12207149

Q.49 From where does the energy come to excite the carbon atom? 12207150

Q.50 Trans-isomer is more stable than Cis-isomers. Justify. 12207151

UNIT 8

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. Preparation of vegetable ghee involves

(a) halogenation 12208132

(b) hydrogenation

(d) dehydrogenation

2. Formula of chloroform is: 12208133

(a) CH₃Cl (b) CCl₄

3. The presence of a double bond in a compound is a sign of: (Board 2016) 12208134

(a) saturation (b) unsaturation

4. Vinyl acetylene combines with HCl to form: (Board 2008) 12208135

(a) polyacetylene

(b) benzene

(d) divinyl acetylene

5. The addition of unsymmetrical reagent to unsymmetrical alkenes is in accordance with the: (Board 2007) 12208136

(a) Hund’s rule

(b) Markownikoff’s rule

(d) Auf bau principle

6. Synthetic rubber is made by polymerization of:(Board 2009,14,16) 12208137

(a) chloroform

(b) acetylene

(d) chloroprene

7. b, b¢ - Dichloro ethyl sulphide is commonly known as:

(Board 2006, 13, 15) 12208138

(a) Mustard gas (b) Laughing gas (c) Phosgene gas (d) Bio-gas

8. When CH₄ reacts with Cl₂ in the presence of diffused light the products obtained are: 12208139

(a) chloroform only

(b) carbon tetrachloride

9. Which one of the following gases is used for artificial ripening of fruits?

(Board 2008, 15) 12208140

(a) ethene (b) ethyne

10. When calcium carbide is treated with water we get: 12208141

(a) ethyl formate (b) acetaldehyde

11. The most reactive hydrocarbon is:

(Board 2009, 2015) 12208142

(a) ethene (b) acetylene

12. Electrolysis of aqueous solution of potassium acetate gives: 12208143

(a) C₃H₈ (b) C₂H₂

13. Baeyer’s reagent is used to identify:

(a) ethene (b) ethyne 12208144

14. When acetylene is reacted with acetic acid, the product is: 12208145

(a) acrylic acid (b) Acrylo nitrile

15. Which of the following is used for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride?

(a) ethylene (b) propylene 12208146

16. 2, 3-dibromo butane gives 2-butyne when it is treated with: 12208147

(a) Zn

(b) H₂SO₄

(d) alcohol + KOH

17. 2-Butyne is converted to trans 2-Butene when treated with: 12208148

(a) H₂ in the presence of Ni at 100°C

(b) Lindlar’s catalyst

(d) H₂ in the presence of Pt

18. The reaction C₂H₄ + H₂ C₂H₆ is known as: 12208149

(a) Wurtz reaction

(b) Sabatier – Sendern’s reaction

(d) Kolbe’s reaction

19. The reaction between ethyl bromide and sodium in dry ether to form butane is called: 12208150

(a) Friedel Craft’s reaction

(b) Kolbe’s reaction

(d) Williamson’s reaction

20. The presence of double bond in alkenes can be identified by: 12208151

(a) Br₂ water

(b) KMnO₄ + H₂O

(d) all of the above

21. When ethene is heated to 400°C under 100 atmospheric pressure in presence of 0.1% O_2, the product is: 12208152

(a) CO₂ + H₂O

(b) ethylene oxide

(d) polyethylene

22. Which of the following is vicinal dihalide? 12208153

(a) CH₃ ¾ ¾ CH₂ ¾

(b) CH₃¾¾¾CH₃

(d) ¾CH₂¾

23. Ammonical solution of silver nitrate reacts with: 12208154

(a) 2-pentyne (b) ethene

24. Which of the following has acidic hydrogen? 12208155

(a) CH₄ (b) CH₂ = CH₂

25. Ethyne when passed into the solution of cuprous chloride and NH₄Cl, it gives:

12208156

(a) Methyl nitrile (b) Acrylonitrile

26. The most likely product of addition of H-Cl to 2-methyl-2-butene is: 12208157

(a) 3-Chloro-2-methyl butane

(b) 2-Chloro 2-methyl butane

(d) 2-Chloro pentane

27. An aldehyde is reduced to alkane with hydrazine in the presence of: 12208158

(a) KOH (b) NaOH

28. The ease of dehydration of alcohol to produce alkene is: 12208159

(a) Primary > Secondary > Tertiary

(b) Tertiary > Primary > Secondary

(d) Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

29. A trivial name of methane is:

(Board 2009) 12208160

(a) coal gas (b) natural gas

30. Alkenes are also called: 12208161

(a) paraffins (b) olefins

31. The formula of neopentyl alcohol is: 12208162

(a) CH₃ - - CH₂ - OH

(b) CH₃ ¾ ¾ CH₂ ¾ OH

(d) CH₃ - - - OH

32. Hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides yield:

12208163

(a) alcohols (b) alkenes

33. The colour of disilver acetylide is: 12208164

(a) white (b) red

34. Treatment of an unknown compound with ammonical solution of cuprous chloride yields red precipitation. The unknown compound probably is: 12208165

(a) paraffin (b) an olefin

35. A carbocation is an organic ion having a: 12208166

(a) positive charge

(b) negative charge

(d) none of the above

36. The chemical formula of glyoxal is : 12208167

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

37. When alkyne other than ethyne reacts with water in the presence of HgSO₄ and 10% H₂SO₄ it forms: 12208168

(a) sec. alcohols (b) p. alcohol

38. The product of reaction

CH º CH + NH₃? 12208169

(a) CH₃ - CH₂ - NH₂

(b) NH₂ - CH = CH - NH₂

(d) CH₃ - CH₂ - CN

39. Which of the following is liquid at room temperature? 12208170

(a) ethyne (b) propyne

40. Hydrolysis of R-MgX gives: 12208171

(a) alkene (b) alkanes

41. Lindlar’s catalyst is: 12208172

(a) Ba/PbSO₄

(b) Pd/PbSO₄Quinone

(d) Pb/BaSO₄Quinone

42. CH₃ - CH₂ - Br + KOH ? What is the Product? 12208173

(a) CH₃ - CH₂ - OH

(b) CH₂ = CH₂

(d)

43. Symmetrical alkanes are prepared by:

(a) Kolbe’s reaction 12208174

(b) Wurtz reaction

(d) both ‘a’ and ‘b’

44. n- Propyl bromide on treatment with ethanolic potassium hydroxide produces: 12208175

(a) propane (b) propanol

45. The IUPAC name of the compound

CH₂ = CH ¾¾CH₃ 12208176

(a) 2 - Vinyl propene

(b) 1,1-Dimethyl – 2 - propene

(d) 1-Isopropyl ethylene

46. Vic - dihalide on treatment with zinc dust gives: 12208177

(a) alkane

(b) alkene

(d) All of these

47. The reaction conditions leading to the best yield (C₂ H₅ Cl) are : 12208178

(a) C₂H₆ (excess) + Cl₂

(b) C₂H₆ + Cl₂

(d) C₂H₆ + Cl₂

48. The number of sigma and Pi bonds in 1-butene 3-yne are: 12208179

(a) 8-sigma and 2 Pi

(b) 7–sigma and 3 Pi

(d) 6–sigma and 2 Pi

49. The most reactive halogen in the halogenation of alkane under sunlight is: 12208180

(a) Cl₂ (b) Br₂

50. Addition of O₂ in ethene in the Presence of Ag gives: 12208181

(a) ethylene oxide (b) ethane

51. Which of the following when reacted with ozone produces methanal? 12208182

(a) methane (b) ethene

52. Ozonolysis of ethene causes breaking of C-C bond, the product is:(Board 2006)

12208183

(a) formaldehyde

(b) Acetaldehyde

(d) ethylene chlorohydrin

53. The general formula of alkane is: (Board 2007) 12208184

(a) C_nH_2n (b) C_nH_2n_-₂

54. Sabatier-Sendern’s reaction can be used to prepare: (Board 2010) 12208185

(a) alkyne

(b) alkenes

(d) alkenes and alkynes

55. b-b¢ dichloroethyl sulphide is prepared by treating sulphur monochloride with: (Board 2010) 12208186

(a) ethane (b) ethene

56. The dehydration of tertiary alcohols is carried out with: 12208187

(a) 20% H₂SO₄ (b) 35% H₂SO₄

57. Polymerization of acetylene forms:

12208188

(a) Propane (b) Butane

58. Which of the following gases is powerful vesicant? 12208189

(a) Marsh gas (b) Mustard gas

Short Questions

Q.1 How alkenes can be converted to alcohols? (Board 2014) 12208190

Q.2 What is hydrogenolysis? 12208191

Q.3 How alkenes are distinguished from alkanes? 12208192

Q.4 What is meant by Epoxidation?

12208193

Q.5 What is Markownikov’s rule? Give an example. (Board 2007, 16) 12208194

Q.6 What is meant by decarboxylation of carboxylic acids? (Board 2010) 12208195

Q.7 What products are formed by catalytic oxidation of CH₄? 12208196

Q.8 What is Raney nickel and where is it used? (Board 2009, 10, 14) 12208197

Q.9 How neoprene is produced by the polymerization of acetylene? 12208198

Q.10 How will you distinguish between ethene and ethyne? (Board 2008) 12208199

Q.11 What is the order of reactivity of alcohols for dehydration and why? 12208200

Q.12 Why Pi bond is more reactive than – sigma bond? 12208201

Q.13 Why are Alkenes called olefins?

12208202

Q.14 What are the industrial uses of methane? (Board 2014, 15) 12208203

Q.15 What product is obtained by the dehydration of alcohols? 12208204

Q.16 How free radical mechanism explain the halogenation of methane?

12208205

Q.17 Why Tertiary-alcohols are easy to dehydrate than secondary or primary alcohols? 12208206

Q.18 What are vicinal dihalides? 12208207

Q.19 What is Baeyer’s Test?

(Board . 2008, 2014) 12208208

Q.20 How ozonolysis of alkene is used to identify the position of a double bond?

12208209

Q.21 How tetrahalides are converted into alkynes? 12208210

Q.22 What is the general mechanism of addition reactions of hydrogen halides?

12208211

Q.23 What is oxyacetylene flame? 12208212

Q.24 How propyne is converted into 2,2-dibromo propane? 12208213

According to Markownikov’s rule

Q.25. How propyne is converted into acetone? 12208214

Q.26 How will you synthesize ethane from methane? 12208215

Q.27 What is halohydrin? 12208216

Q.28 What is Lindlar’s Catalyst? 12208217

Q.29 Why alkanes are called paraffins?

12208218

Q.30 Why alkenes are more reactive than alkanes? OR Alkanes are less reactive than Alkenes. Comment.

(Board 2006, 08, 2014) 12208219

Q.31 How a trans-alkene is obtained by the partial hydrogenation of alkynes?

Board (2006, 10, 15) 12208220

Q.32 Why are some hydrocarbons called saturated and others unsaturated? What type of reactions are characteristic of them? (Board . 2007, 10) 12208221

Q.33 Why alkenes are more reactive than alkanes? 12208222

Q.34 How is mustard gas prepared? Give its use. 12208223

Q.35 Give the reaction of ozone with ethene. Also give its mechanism. (Board 2008) 12208219

Q.36 How oxalic acid is prepared from ethyne? (Board 2009) 12208220

Oxalic acid

Q.37 How will you convert 2-butyne into Cis-2-butene? (Board 2010, 15) 12208221

Q. 38 What is heat of combustion? (Board 2014) 12208222

Q.39 Alkynes show acidic nature prove it with the help of examples: (Board 2007, 2009)

12208223

Q.40 How will you bring about the following conversions? (Board 2008) 12208224

(i) Ethyne to vinyl alcohol 12208225 (ii) Ethyne to Ethyl Chloride 12208226

(iii) Ethyl Chloride to n-butane 12208227 (iv) Ethyne to acrylonitrile 12208228

Q.41 Differentiate between Clemenson’s reduction and Wolfkishner’s reduction. 12201145

Q.42 Convert ethyne into acetaldehyde. (Board 2016) 12208223

UNIT 9

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. A cyclic regular hexagonal structure for benzene was first proposed by: 12209063

(a) Michael Faraday (b) Hoffmann (c) Kekule (d) Dewar

2. In benzene the C – C bond length is:

12209064

(a) 1.54 (b) 1.39

3. The general formula for benzene is:

12209065

(a) C_n H_2n+2 (b) C_nH_2n

4. Benzene can be prepared by polymerization of: 12209066

(a) ethane (b) ethene

5. The p-electrons of benzene are not readily available for weak electrophiles because it has: 12209067

(a) sp² hybridization

(b) planar hexagonal structure

(d) conjugation

6. Which one is the formula of benzal chloride? 12209068

(a) C₆H₅ CH Cl₂ (b) C₆ H₅ Cl

7. Which one is not a Friedel Crafts catalyst? 12209069

(a) AlCl₃ (b) PCl₃

8. The reaction of benzene with ozone finally gives: 12209070

(a) glyoxal (b) glycol

9. Which one is not an ortho and para directing group? 12209071

(a) -NH₂ (b) -OH

10. Which one is not a meta directing group? 12209072

(a) -C º N (b) -Cl

11. Benzene cannot undergo:

(Board 2006, 13) 12209073

(a) substitution reactions

(b) addition reactions

(d) elimination reactions

12. Which one is the most reactive compound? 12209074

(a) butane (b) butene

13. Electrophile in aromatic sulphonation is: 12209075

(a) H₂SO₄ (b) SO₃

14. The conversion of n-hexane into benzene by heating in the presence of Pt is called: 12209076

(a) polymerization

(b) hydrogenation

(d) condensation

15. In benzene each carbon is: 12209077

(a) sp hybridized

(b) sp² hybridized

(d) dsp² hybridized

16. Which one of the following compounds has fused benzene rings? 12209078

(a) bi-phenyl

(b) benzophenone

(d) di-phenyl methane

17. What is the special name of a compound having formula C₆ H₅ –NH₂?

12209079

(a) pyridine (b) aniline

18. The reaction of bromobenzene with ethyl bromide in the presence of Na in dry ether will give: 12209080

(a) toluene (b) benzene

19. Nitration of Nitrobenzene at 95°C will give: 12209081

(a) 1,2 dinitrobenzene

(b) 1,3 dinitrobenzene

(d) 1,2,6 trinitrobenzene

20. The introduction of R - -group in benzene in the presence of AlCl₃ is called: 12209082

(a) Friedel Craft’s acylation

(b) Cannizzaro’s reaction

(d) Hoffmann’s reaction

21. The resonance energy of benzene is:

(a) 150.5 calories / mole 12209083

(b) 150.5 k calories / mole

(d) 150.5 kJ/mole

22. Iodobenzene + A ¾¾® Toluene, In this reaction A is: 12209084

(a) CH₃ - I (b) CH₃ - CH₂ - Cl

23. With which of the following reagents benzene and methyl benzene behave differently? 12209085

(a) Warming with aqueous alkaline KMnO₄

(b) Warming with bromine in the presence of an iron catalyst

(d) Heating with fuming H₂SO₄

24. What is the reason for the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid to concentrated nitric acid for the reaction C₆H₆ + HNO₃ ¾® C₆H₅ - NO₂ + H₂O, the reason is that:12209086

(a) it acts as inert solvent

(b) it removes proton from HNO₃

(d) it removes water preventing equilibrium

25. Which of the following is most easily sulphonated? 12209087

(a) Para-xylene

(b) Meta–xylene

(d) All of the above

26. Which of the following is not an electrophile? 12209088

(a) BF₃ (b) AlCl₃

27. Which of the following is a polycyclic aromatic compound? 12209099

(a) xylene (b) styrene

28. Benzene is a polymer of: 12209100

(a) ethene (b) ethane

29. In which case the C - C bond length is same between all atoms in molecule?

12209101

(a) Propyne (b) 1-Butene

30. Aromatization of n-hexane gives:

12209102

(a) cyclohexane

(b) cyclohexene

(d) toluene

31. During nitration of benzene, the active nitrating agent is:

(Board 2006, 09, 10, 14, 16) 12209103

(a) HNO₃ (b) NO₂⁺

32. Aromaticity of benzene is due to:

(a) presence of sigma bond 12209104

(b) delocalization

(d) three double bonds

33. Resonance structure of a molecule should have: 12209105

(a) the same number of paired electrons

(b) identical arrangement of atoms

(d) all of the above

34. The compound that is nitrated with difficulty is: 12209106

(a) toluene (b) nitrobenzene

35. Aromatic compounds burn with sooty flame because: 12209107

(a) They have high percentage of hydrogen

(b) They have high percentage of carbon

(d) They resist reaction with air

36. Which of the following groups is an ortho and para directing in disubstitution of benzene? 12209108

(a) -COOH (b) - N⁺R₃

37. Which of the following reactions confirms the presence of unsaturation in the benzene molecule? 12209109

(a) Bromination in the presence of Fe and Br₂

(b) Bromination in sunlight

(d) Oxidation by acidified KMnO₄

38. Which of the following compounds reacts slower than benzene in electrophilic substitution? 12209110

(a) C₆H₅ - OH (b) C₆H₅ - CH₃

39. A nucleophile must have overall:

12209111

(a) an unpaired electron

(b) a lone pair of electrons

(d) all of the above

40. If B forms glyoxal when it is treated with ozone, then B is: 12209112

(a) ethene (b) ethyne

41. Benzene is prepared from cyclohexane by the process called: (Board. 2008)

12209113

(a) hydrogenation

(b) dehydration

(d) none of these

42. Compound showing maximum repulsion with H₂O is:

(Board. 2010,13) 12209114

(a) C₆H₆ (b) C₂H₅OH

43. Molecule of benzene contains:

(Board. 2011) 12209115

(a) three double bonds

(b) two double bonds

(d) delocalized p-electron charge

44. Ortho and para derivatives are obtained by halogenation of (Board - 2011)

(a) nitrobenzene (b) toluene 12209116

45. Which compound is the most reactive one? (Board 2015) 12209117

(a) Benzene (b) Ethene

46. Amongst the following, the compound that can be most readily sulphonated is: (Board 2013) 12209118

(a) Toluene (b) Benzene

47. Which of the following acids can be used as a catalyst in Friedel-crafts reactions? 12209119

(a) AlCl₃ (b) HNO₃

(b) BeCl₂ (d) NaCl

48. Aromatic hydrocarbons are the derivatives of: (Board 2014) 12209120

(a) Normal series of paraffins

(b) alkene

(d) cyclohexane

49. Oxidation of ethyl benzene in presence of KMnO₄ gives: 12209121

(a) Phenol

(b) Benzyl alcohol

(d) Maleic anhydride

50. Benzene is more stable than the 1, 3, 5 cyclohexatriene by: 12209122

(a) 145.9 kJ/mole

(b) 150.5 kJ/mole

(d) 119.8 kJ/mole

a. Short Questions

Q.1 What are ortho and para directing groups? 12209123

Q.2 What are meta-directing groups? 12209124

Q.3 How oxidation of benzene is done? 12209125

Q.4 What is meant by Sulphonation of Benzene? 12209126

Q.5 What is meant by the term Nitration of Benzene? 12209127

Q.6 Prove that Benzene has a ring structure. (Board. 2009, 13) 12209128

Q.7 Give mechanism of Friedel Crafts Alkylation. (Board. 2007, 14) 12209129

Ans It is the introduction of an alkyl group in the benzene ring in the presence of an alkyl halide

Q.8 What is the role of FeCl₃ + AlCl₃ in electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene?

12209130

Q.9 What is resonance energy? (Board 2013, 15) 12209131

Q.10 What is meant by the term ‘aromatic’? 12209132

Q.11 What is Wurtz Fittig reaction? 12209133

Q.12 What types of orbitals give stability to benzene ring? 12209134

Q.13 Why oleum or fuming sulphuric acid is used in sulphonation of benzene? 12209135

Q.14 Which reactions indicate that benzene is unsaturated molecule? 12209135

Q.15 Why -COOH, -CHO or -NO₂ groups if already present on benzene ring, they deactivate the ring and meta products are obtained? 12209136

Q.16 How benzene is converted to benzoic acid? 12209137

Q.17 How X-Ray studies confirm Kekule’s structure? / What informations are obtained by X-ray analysis of benzene? (Board 2008, 13) 12209138

Q.18 How disubstituted benzenes are named with different substituents when they are not present in priority order? 12209139

Q.19 What is sigma complex and how does it get stability? 12209140

Q.20 Give mechanism of Sulphonation of benzene. (Board. 2009, 10, 15) 12209141

Q.21 Chlorination of nitrobenzene in the presence of FeCl₃ yields meta-chloronitrobenzene as the main product. Why? (Board 2006) 12209142

Q.22 Give two reactions which show that benzene is a saturated compound.

(Board 2007, 10) 12209143

Q.23 Give equations for the preparation of following from benzene. (Board 2008, 16) 12209144

(i) Maleic anhydride (ii) Glyoxal

Q.24 Give four examples of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (Board 2009) 12209145

Ans.

Q.25 How will you prepare m-chloronitro benzene? (Board 2009) 12209146

Q.26 Write the general mechanism of electrophilic substitution in benzene. (Board 2010)

12209147

Q.27 Benzene has three p-bonds. Prove this by two points. (Board 2010) 12209148

Q.28 Write down Resonance structures of benzene. (Board 2013, 14) 12209149

Q.29. How will you prepare maleic acid from benzene? (Board 2010) 12209150

Q.30. What is aromatization? (Board 2015) 12209151

Q.31 Give two possible straight chain structures proposed for benzene. 12209152

Q.32 Why the open chain structures of benzene were rejected? 12209153

Q.33 Aromatic compounds burn with sooty flame, Justify. 12209154

Q.34What is aromatization? Give examples. 12209155

Q.35 What are non-benzenoid aromatic compounds? 12209156

Q.36 How you will prove that benzene is a stable molecule? 12209157

Q.37 Why benzene is given a Cyclic structure? 12209158

UNIT 10

Alkyl Halides

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. When ethyl iodide reacts with sodium methoxide it gives: 12210045

(a) Methyl ethyl ether

(b) Ethyl iodide

2. An alkyl halide can be converted into alcohol by: 12210046

(a) addition (b) substitution

3. For the reaction C₂H₅OH+X C₂H₅X, the order of reactivity is: 12210047

(a) HI>HBr>HCl (b) HI>HCl>HBr

4. Predict the missing reagent in the following reaction: 12210048 CH₃OH+?C₂H₆+CH₃OMgBr.

(a) CH₃ MgCl (b) C₂H₅MgBr

5. In SN₁ reaction, the first step is the
formation of: 12210049

(a) carbanion (b) Free radical

6. Which of the following is a poor leaving
group? 12210050

(a) –HSO₄ (b) –I

7. Grignard’s reagent when reacts with CO₂ it forms: 12210051

(a) alcohol (b) alkene

8. Which of the following compounds undergo an elimination reaction when treated with hot ethanolic potassium hydroxide? 12210052

(a) Br-CH₂-Br

(b) Br₃C – CBr₃

(d)

9. S_N2 reactions can be carried out with:

(a) primary alkyl halide 12210053

(b) secondary alkyl halide

(d) all of the above

10. b-elimination is bimolecular elimin- ation when it involves:(Board 2009) 12210054

(a) first order kinetics

(b) second order kinetics

(d) zero order kinetics

11. When 2-propanone is reacted with CH₃MgI, the product is: 12210055

(a) sec-propyl alcohol

(b) propyl chloride

(d) ter-butyl alcohol

12. Which of the following carbonium ion is most stable? 12210056

(a) primary carbonium ion

(b) sec- carbonium ion

(d) all of the above

13. In bimolecular reaction, the reaction completes in: 12210057

(a) one step (b) two steps

14. The order of reactivity of alkyl halide with magnesium is in the order of:

(a) R-Cl>R-Br>R-I 12210058

(b) R-Br>R-I>RCl

(d) R-I>R-Cl>R-Br

15. In the following reaction what is Z:

ethyl chloride alkene 12210059

(a) Alcoholic KOH

(b) Aqueous KOH

(d) Bromine

16. Write the missing reagent in the following reaction. 12210060

4C₂H₅Br+? (C₂H₅)₄ Pb + 4NaBr

(a) Na₂Pb (b) Na₄Pb

17. Which compound is formed when CH₃-OH reacts with CH₃MgBr? 12210061

(a) ethane (b) methane

18. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-Cl on reaction with alcoholic KOH gives: 12210062

(a) 2-Butanol (b) 2-Butene

19. Dehydrohalogenation of ethyl chloride gives: 12210063

(a) Ethene (b) Ethyne

(d) Mixture of ethene and Ethoxy ethane

20. Which of the following do not form Grignard’s reagent? 12210064

(a) CH₃I (b) CH₃Br

21. Which of the following carbocations is least stable? 12210065

(a) methyl (b) pri-alkyl

22. When Ethyl Bromide reacts with sodium methoxide it gives: 12210066

(a) ethanol

(b) diethyl ether

(d) ethyl methyl ether

23. Structural Formula of iso-propylidene bromide is: 12210067

(a) CH₃ ¾ ¾ CH₃

(b) CH₃ ¾ = CH₂

(d) CH₃ ¾ ¾ CH₃

24. Which of the following is a tertiary Alkyl halide? 12210068

(a) CH₃ ¾ ¾ Br

(b) CH₃ ¾ ¾ ¾ CH₃

(d) CH₃ ¾ ¾ CH₂ ¾ Br

25. Which is not true for Alkyl halides? 12210069

(a) alkyl halides are used to prepare ethers

(b) alkyl halides give carbocations with Lewis acid

(d) alkyl halides act as nucleophile in S_N2 reactions

26. Reduction of alkyl halides with

Zn + HCl gives: 12210070

(a) alcohol (b) alkene

27. Hydrolysis of Ter. butyl bromide follows S_N1 mechanism. The rate is:

(a) greater with OH^-12210071

(b)greater with H₂O

(d) equal with OH^-and H₂O

28. Which reaction does not give
CH₃ ¾ CH₂Cl? 12210072

(a) CH₂ = CH₂ + HCl

` (b) CH₃CH₂OH+HCl

(d) CH₂= CHCl+H₂

29. Which is the weakest bond? 12210073

(a) C ¾ F (b) C ¾ Cl

30. Which is a good leaving group? 12210074

(a) I^- (b) Br^-

31. What will be the mechanism of the reaction? 12210075

C₂H₅I + 2NH₃ ® C₂H₅NH₂ + NH₄I

(a) S_N1

(b) S_N2

(d) none of the above

32. Secondary alkyl halide give reactions by following mechanism: 12210076

(a) S_N1

(b) S_N2

(d) depend upon nucleophile

33. During S_N2 mechanism carbon atom change its hybridization from: 12210077

(a) sp ® sp² (b) sp² ® sp³

34. Which is not a good leaving group?

12210078

(a) HSO (b) Cl^-

35. The order of reaction in S_N1 reaction is: 12210079

(a) zero (b) first

36. In elimination reactions of alkyl halide, the site more susceptible for the nucleophilic attack is: 12210080

(a) a-carbon (b) b-carbon

37. Which one may not act as electrophile?

(a) NH (b) BF₃12210081

38. The reactant which can convert C₂H₅-Cl to C₂H₆ is: 12210082

(a) KOH aqueous

(b) KOH alcoholic

(d) KMnO₄ aqueous

39. Highest bond energy is of the bond:

12210083

(a) C - F (b) C - Cl

40. Which one is not a nucleophile?

(Board. 2006, 08) 12210084

(a) NH₃ (b) H₂S

41. Which one is a good attacking nucleophile as well as a good leaving group? 12210085

(a) OH^-(b) CN^-

42. Secondary alcohol is formed when Grignard reagent reacts with: 12210086

(a) methanal (b) ethanal

43. The antiknock agents used in gasoline can be prepared when alkyl halide is treated with: 12210087

(a) Na-metal

(b) Zn-Cu couple

(d) Cu-lead alloy

44. When ethyl magnesium bromide is treated with a carbonyl compound then 2-ethyl – 2 – pentanol is formed. The carbonyl compound is: 12210088

(a) 2-pentanone (b) 2-butanone

45. Grignard’s reagent (R-Mg-X) undergoes: 12210089

(a) nucleophilic substitution reactions (b) nucleophilic addition reactions

(d) Neither (a) nor (b)

46. The reaction of ethyl bromide with aqueous solution of KOH gives: 12210090

(a) Ethane (b) Ethene

47. When an alkyl iodide is allowed to stand, it darkens because, it: 12210091

(a) dehydrates (b) oxidizes

48. The reaction of cyanogen chloride with Grignand’s reagent will yield: 12210092

(a) amine (b) alcohol

49. Reaction of ethylene oxide with R-MgX gives: 12210093

(a) pri. alcohol (b) sec. alcohol

50. Grignard’s reagent gives alkanes with:

12210094

(a) water (b) ethyl amine

51. In which mechanism, the first step involved is same: (Board 2007, 16) 12210095

(a) E1 and E2(b) S_N2 and E2

52. SN₂-reactions are (Board 2007) 12210096

(a) uni-molecular (b) bi-molecular

53. The common name of 2-methyl-2- chloropropane is: (Board 2008) 12210097

(a) iso-butyl chloride

(b) sec. Butyl chloride

(d) n-butyl chloride

54. In primary alkyl halides the halogen atom is attached to a carbon atom which is further attached to how many carbon atoms? (Board 2009, 16) 12210098

(a) two (b) three

55. Ethyl magnesium bromide reacts with water to form: (Board 2010) 12210099

(a) Ethane (b) Methane

56. Primary alcohol is obtained by treating Grignard’s reagent with: (Board 2010)

(a) HCHO 12210100

(b) CH₃CHO

(d) CO₂

57. S_N1-reactions are easily given by:

(Board 2011) 12210101

(a) primary alkyl halides

(b) secondary alkyl halides

(d) primary alcohols

58. Reaction of following with Grignard’s reagent can give primary alcohol:

(Board 2011, 14) 12210102

(a) epoxide (b) peroxide

59. The reactivity order of alkyl halides for a particular alkyl group is: 12210103

(a) Fluoride < Chloride > Bromide > Iodide

(b) Chloride > Bromide > Fluoride > Iodide

(d) Bromide > Iodide > Chloride > Fluoride

60. When CO₂ is made to react with ethyl magnesium iodide, followed by acid hydrolysis, the product formed is: (Board 2013, 15) 12210104

(a) Propane (b) Propanoic acid

61. Grignard reagent is reactive due to: (Board 2014, 15) 12210105

(a) The presence of halogen atom

(b) The presence of Mg atom

(d) None of the above

62. S_N2 reactions can be best carried out with: 12210106

(a) Primary alkyl halides

(b) Secondary alkyl halides

(d) All of the above

63. Elimination bimolecular reactions involve: (Board 2014) 12210107

(a) First order kinetics

(b) Second order kinetics

(d) Zero order kinetics

64. Alkyl halides are considered to be very reactive compounds towards nucleophiles, because: 12210108

(a) They have an electrophilic carbon

(b) They have an electrophilic carbon and a good leaving group

(d) They have a nucleophilic carbon and a good leaving group

65. The rate of E1 reaction depends upon:

12210109

(a) The concentration of substrate

(b) The concentration of nucleophile

(d) None of the above

Short Answers

Q.1 Why alkyl iodide is more reactive than the other alkyl halides? 12210110

Q.2 Alkyl halides are polar compounds. Why? 12210111

Q.3 Why tertiary alkyl halides give S_N1 mechanism reaction? 12210112

Q.4 In Grignard’s reagent why dry ether solvent is used during its preparation? 12210113

Q.5 Give the general E₂ reaction mechanism of b-Elimination reactions. 12210114

Q.6 How Iso-propylchloride is converted into 2, 3 dimethyl butane? 12210115

Q.7 Why alkyl group of Grignard’s reagent behaves as a nucleophile? 12210116

Q.8 When HX reacts with propene, it always give 2-haloalkane not 1-haloalkane why? 12210117

Q.9 What is the general formula for Alkyl Halides? 12210118

Q.10 What are polyhalides? 12210119

Q.11 Alkyl Iodides are more reactive than other halides. Why? 12210120

Q.12 What is meant by a substrate?

(Board 2015) 12210121

Q.13 What is leaving group?

(Board 2015) 12210122

Q.14 Name some strong and weak nucleophiles. 12210123

Q.15 Name some good leaving groups and poor leaving groups. 12210124

Q.16 Differentiate between Unimolecular and Bimolecular reactions. 12210125

Q.17 What is Beta elimination? 12210126

Q.18 What is the role of stability of carbonium ion for determining S_N1 and S_N2 mechanism? (Board 2006) 12210127

Q.19 Why alkyl halides are more reactive than alkanes? 12210128

Q.20 Why dry ether is necessary for preparation of Grignard Reagent? 12210129

Q.21 How will you convert ethyl bromide to propane? 12210130

Q.22 How ethyl bromide is converted to propane? 12210131

Q.23 How are alkyl halides reduced to alkanes? 12210132

Q.24 What is the role of steric hindrance to decide about S_N1 and S_N2 mechanism? 12210133

Q.25 What is meant by Wurtz reaction? (Board 2014) 12210134

Q.26 How alkyl iodides can be prepared? 12210135

Q.27 How are alkyl halides prepared from carboxylic acids? 12210136

Q.28 Grignard’s Reagent is considered as the most reactive compound than most of the organic compounds. Why?

(Board 2006) 12210137

Q.29 Explain the mechanism of S_N2-reactions. (Board-2007, 08) 12210138

Q.30 Explain the order of reactivity of alkyl halides on the basis of bond energy.

(Board 2007) 12210139

Q.31 Write two methods for the preparation of alkyl halides. (Board 2008, 10) 12210140

Q.32 How primary alcohols are produced when ethene epoxide is reacted with Grignard’s reagent? (Board 2009) 12210141

Q.33 Write the structural formulas of:

(i) isobutylene 12210142 (ii) Vinyl bromide (Board - 2009) 12210143

Q.34 Write IUPAC names of CBr₄ and CHCl₃. (Board 2009, 2010) 12210144

Q.35 What are SN reactions? Differentiate between S_N1 and S_N2 reactions. (Board 2006, 2011)

12210145

Q.36 During S_N1 reaction, what is the significance of first step? (Board 2014) 12210146

Q.37 What is the nature of C-Mg bond in R-Mg-X? (Board 2014) 12210147

Q.38 Give reaction of Grignard’s reagent with CO₂ followed by hydrolysis in acid medium. (Board 2016) 12210148

Q.39 Differentiate between electrophile and nucleophile. 12210149

UNIT 11

Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. Alcohols are: 12211078

(a) neutral (b) strongly basic

2. The characteristic group of secondary alcohol is: 12211079

(a) -CH₂-OH

(b) –C–OH

(d)

3. Lucas reagent used to distinguish the pri, sec & ter alcohol consists of: 12211080

(a) HBr & MgCl₂

(b) HBr & ZnCl₂

(d) HCl & MgCl₂

4. Equimolar quantities of ethanol and methanol are heated with conc. H₂SO₄. The product formed is: 12211081

(a) CH₃-O-CH₃

(b) C₂H₅¾O¾CH₃

(d) All of the above

5. Absolute alcohol is prepared from rectified spirit by: 12211082

(a) steam distillation

(b) reaction with lime

(d) fractional distillation

6. Fermentation of glucose to ethyl alcohol can be carried out by: 12211083

(a) zymase (b) invertase

7. Acidic nature of Phenol is due to:

12211084

(a) phenolic group (b) benzene ring

(d) resonance stability

8. Diethyl ether on heating with Conc. HI gives: 12211085

(a) Ethanol (b) Iodoform

(d) Ethyl Iodide+C₂H₅OH

9. Which of the following is un- symmetrical ether? 12211086

(a) CH₃-O-C₃H₇

(b) CH₃-O-CH₃

(d) All of the above

10. The reaction of ether with HI is preferred than HBr because: 12211087

(a) HI is a stronger acid than HBr

(b) HI gives a higher concentration of oxonium ion

(d) All of the above

11. Diethyl ether is partially soluble in:

12211088

(a) Dil HCl (b) Conc. H₂SO₄

12. Acidity of phenols is increased by the presence of groups like: 12211089

(a) -NO₂ (b) halogens

13. Phenol can be distinguished from benzene by: 12211090

(a) nitration (b) sulphonation

14. Which one of the following is not a use of phenol? 12211091

(a) disinfection

(b) bakelite formation

(d) as a preservative for food

15. When Alcohol reacts with sodium metal, which gas is liberated: 12211092

(a) CO (b) CO₂

16. Alcoholic fermentation is brought about by: 12211093

(a) CaCl₂ (b) CO₂

17. Ethyl alcohol can be denatured by:

12211094

(a) pyridine (b) methanol

18. The first product of oxidation of Primary alcohol is: 12211095

(a) Aldehyde (b) Ester

19. Sodium metal reacts readily with:

12211096

(a) CH₃‑NH₂

(b) CH₃‑CH₂‑OH

(d) CH₃–CHO

20. An aldehyde on treatment with methyl magnesium bromide gives: 12211097

(a) secondary alcohol

(b) tertiary alcohol

(d) none of the above

21. Which of the following can convert acetic acid into ethanol? 12211098

(a) Na+alcohol (b) LiAlH₄

22. Which of the following is elimination reaction? 12211099

(a) nitration of benzene

(b) hydrogenation of Ether

(d) chlorination of CH₄

23. Which of the following is more soluble in water? (Board 2010) 12211100

(a) CH₃OH (b) C₂H₅OH

24. Which of the following has not attraction at all with water? 12211101

(a) Methanol (b) Ether

25. Which is least soluble in water? 12211102

(a) Methanol

(b) Ether

(d) Ethanol

26. Phenol reacts with Acetyl Chloride in the presence of a base to form the product: 12211103

(a) Acid (b)Alcohol

27. Which of the following has maximum hydrogen bonding?(Board 2007, 14) 12211104

(a) CH₃OH (b) C₂H₅OH

28. Which is the other name of phenol?

(a) Methanol 12211105

(b) Carbinol

(d) Carbolic Acid

29. Ethanol produced by fermentation has minimum concentration:(Board 2009) 12211106

(a) 10% (b) 16%

30. Which of the following enzymes is not involved in alcoholic fermentation?

(a) Diastase (b) Urease 12211107

31. Which of the following gives acidic solution in water? 12211108

(a) Methanol (b) Ethanol

32. According to Lewis concept ethers behave as: 12211109

(a) Acid

(b) Base

(d) None of the above

33. Methanol is not used: (Board 2008, 14)12211110

(a) As a solvent

(b) As an antifreezing agent

(d) As a substitute for petrol

34. Which statement is correct for phenol?

(a) It turns blue litmus to red 12211111

(b) It gives CO₂ with NaHCO₃

(d) none of the above

35. Which reagent can distinguish between phenol and benzyl alcohol?

12211112

(a) Bromine Water (b) KMnO₄ (aq)

36. Which of the following is a weakest acid? 12211113

(a) Water (b) Alcohol

37. Sequence of use of enzymes in alcohol fermentation is: 12211114

(a) Zymase – Maltase – Diastase

(b) Maltase – Diastase - Zymase

(d) Diastase – Zymase - Maltase

38. The formula of starch is: 12211115

(a) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ (b) (C₆H₁₀O₅)_n

39. Oxidation of iso-propyl alcohol yields: 12211116

(a) Propane (b) Propanal

40. Rectified spirit contains alcohol about:

(Board 2007) 12211117

(a) 80% (b) 85%

41. K_a value 1.3 ´ 10^-10 is for: 12211118

(a) Acetic Acid (b) Phenol

42. Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols can be distinguished by:12211119

(a) Tollen’s Test

(b) Fehling Solution Test

43. Methanol and ethanol are miscible in water due to: 12211120

(a) Presence of alkyl group

(b) Their acidic nature

(d) Hydrogen bonding

44. Which enzyme is not involved in the fermentation of starch: (Board 2015) 12211121

(a) Invertase (b) Maltase

45. Which intermediate is formed in the acid catalysed dehydration of n-propyl alcohol? 12211122

(a) CH₃ - CH₂ - ⁺CH₂

(b) CH₃ - CH₂ - ^-CH₂

(d) CH₃ - ^-CH - CH₃

46. In t^·-butyl alcohol, the tertiary carbon is bonded to: 12211123

(a) One hydrogen atom

(b) No hydrogen atom

(d) Two hydrogen atoms

47. Picric Acid is obtained by nitration of: 12211124

(a) Phenol (b) Benzene

48. Phenol on hydrogenation in the presence of Ni gives: 12211125

(a) Cyclohexanol (b) Cyclohexane

49. Phenol reacts with Br₂ in CCl₄ at low temperature to give: 12211126

(a) Ortho and Para Bromophenol

(b) p-Bromophenol

(d) 2,4,6 - Tri-Bromophenol

50. When C₂H₅O^-Na⁺+ C₂H₅I react together, the name of reaction is: 12211127

(a) Hoffmann’s reaction

(b) Williamson’s reaction

(d) Wurtz reaction

51. Which compound will not give iodoform test on treatment with I₂/NaOH? (Board 2008) 12211128

(a) Acetaldeyde (b) Acetone

52. Which compound is called universal solvent? (Board 2009) 12211129

(a) H₂O (b) CH₃OH

53. Which liquid is called wood spirit?

(Board 2011) 12211130

(a) CH₃ – OH

(b) C₂H₅ – OH

(d) CH₃ – O – CH₃

54. Addition of alcohol in carboxyl compounds gives acetal, the geometry of acetal: (Board 2011) 12211131

(a) Linear (b) Trigonal

55. Methanol can be prepared by hydrogenation of: (Board 2011) 12211132

(a) CH₃CN (b) CH₃Br

56. Select from the following the one which is alcohol: (Board 2015) 12211133

(a) CH₃CH₂OH (b) CH₃OCH₃

(d) CH₃COOH (d) CH₃CH₂Br

57. Which compound shows hydrogen bonding? (Board 2015) 12211134

(a) C₂H₆ (b) C₂H₅Cl

58. Tertiary butyl alcohol reacts with oxidizing agent in the presence of H₂SO₄ forming? 12211135

(a) 2-butanone (b) 2-butene

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q.1 Why ethanol is denatured? 12211136

Q.2 Alcohol is an organic compound, but it is miscible with water. Why? 12211137

Q.3 Tertiary alcohol is more reactive than sec. or primary alcohol when C-O bond breaks. Why? 12211138

Q.4 Water has higher boiling point than alcohol. Why? 12211139

Q.5 How methanol & ethanol are distinguished? (Board 2004, 08, 09, 10)12211140

Q.6 In Lucas test why ter. alcohol reacts rapidly than pri and sec. alcohol? 12211141

Q.7 Both alcohol & phenol contain OH group but phenol is acidic and alcohol is neutral why? (Board 2014) 12211142

Q.8 Ethers are less reactive than Alcohols. Why? 12211143

Q.9 Draw the five resonating structures of Phenoxide ion. 12211144

Q.10 HI reacts with ether to form alkyl iodide while other halogen atoms do not. Why? 12211145

Q.11 What is Lucas Test and Lucas Reagent? OR How primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are identified?

(Board 2015)12211146

Q.12 What is fermentation?

(Board 2008) 12211147

Q.13 Differentiate between methylated spirit, rectified spirit and absolute alcohol?

(Board 2008) 12211148

Q.14 What is Williamson’s synthesis?

(Board. 2007, 10) 12211149

Q.15 What are primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols? 12211150

Q.16 What products are formed by reaction of ethanol with concentrated H₂SO₄? 12211151

Q.17 Melting and boiling points of alcohols are higher than respective alkanes. Why? 12211152

Q.18 C₂H₅Cl is a gas while C₂H₅OH is a liquid. Why? 12211153

Q.19 Ethanol has higher B.P than dimethyl ether. Why? 12211154

Q.20 Absolute alcohol cannot be prepared by fermentation process. Why?

(Board 2009, 15) 12211155

Q.21 How will you distinguish between ether and an alcohol? 12211156

Q.22 Alcohols are more soluble in water than ethers. Why? 12211157

Q.23 How will you distinguish between carboxylic acid and phenol? 12211158

Q.24 Carboxylic Acids are more acidic than phenol. Why? 12211159

Q.25 Ethers are less reactive than alcohols. Why? 12211160

Q.26 How do you distinguish phenol and ethyl alcohol? 12211161

Q.27 Why phenol is acidic but alcohols are not? 12211161

Q.28 What is meant by denaturing of ethanol? 12211162

Q.29 What products are formed when primary and secondary alcohols are dehydrogenated? 12211163

Q.30 What is meant by esterification reaction? 12211164

Q.31 How alcohols are classified? (Board 2006) 12211165

Q.32 The solubility of higher alcohols in water is less as compared to lower alcohols. Why? (Board 2006) 12211166

Q.33 Why phenol is acidic while alcohol is not? (Board 2008, 15) 12211167

Q.34 Give four uses of phenol.

(Board 2008) 12211168

Q.35 How will you distinguish between phenol and ethyl alcohol by chemical reactions?

(Board 2008) 12211169

Q.36 What is esterification? Give the reaction conditions for this reaction. (Board 2009)

12211170

Q.37 Distinguish between following with the help of chemical reactions. (Board 2010)

12211171

(i) 1-Propanol and 2-Propanol

(ii) An alcohol and phenol

Q.38 Picric acid is a phenol, which behaves like an acid. Justify.

(Board 2011) 12211172

Q.39. How does phenol react with alkali?

(Board 2014) 12211173

Q.40. How does picric acid synthesis takes place? (Board 2014) 12211174

Q.40 Write down necessary conditions for fermentation. 12201175

Q.41 The solubility of alcohols decreases with increasing molecular mass. Why?

12201176

Q.42 Write down the uses of methanol and ethanol. 12201177

Q.43 Ethanol has higher boiling point than ether. Why? 12201178

UNIT 12

Aldehydes And Ketones

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. 1. The organic compounds containing

2. C = O group are called: 12212086

(a) Alcohols

(b) Carboxylic compounds

(d) Carbocyclic compounds

2. The compounds which contain an alcohol group as well as an aldehydic group are called: 12212087

(a) Alkanols (b) Aldols

3. Ketones are prepared by oxidation of:

(Board 2009) 12212088

(a) Primary alcohols

(b) Secondary alcohols

(d) Alkyl halide

4. On oxidation, ketones produce: 12212089

(a) Alcohols (b) Aldehydes

5. The IUPAC names of aldehydes are derived from: 12212090

(a) alkanes (b) Alkenes

6. Dry distillation of calcium acetate gives: 12212091

(a) Methanal (b) Ethanal

7. Formaldehyde gives metaformaldehyde on: 12212092

(a) Oxidation (b) Condensation

8. Formula for Hydroxyl amine is: 12212093

(a) H2N ¾ NH2 (b) ¾NH¾NH2

9. On reduction aldehydes give: 12212094

(a) Primary alcohols

(b) Secondary alcohols

(d) Carboxylic acids

10. Formaldehyde reacts with Grignard’s reagent to produce: 12212095

(a) Primary alcohol

(b) Secondary alcohol

(d) None of the above

11. Which one has highest boiling point?

12212096

(a) Methanal (b) Ethanal

12. Which one does not react with hydroxyl amine? 12212097

(a) Methanal (b) Ethanal

13. Which is more favourable for aldol condensation? 12212098

(a) Methanal (b) Ethanal

14. Which one of the following reagents gives same product with propanal and propanol? 12212099

(a) Conc H₂SO₄

(b) Tollen’s reagent

(d) K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄

15. Dry distillation of calcium formate gives:

(a) Methanal (b) Ethanal 12212100

16. Which one does not gives iodoform test? 12212101

(a) Ethanol

(b) Ethanal

(d) Methanol

17. Which one reacts with both of aldehydes and ketones? (Board 2006, 14, 15)

12212102

(a) Grignard’s Reagent

(b) Tollen’s reagent

(d) Fehling solution.

18. The carbonyl carbon is:(Board 2009, 11)

(a) sp hybridized 12212103

(b) sp² hybridized

(d) sp³d hybridized

19. 2,4, Dinitrophenyl hydrazine gives precipitate with aldehydes and ketones of colour: 12212104

(a) White (b) Black

20. Which one gives sodium Nitroprusside test? 12212105

(a) Aldehyde (b) Alcohol

21. Ketones give reaction with: 12212106

(a) Tollen’s reagent

(b) Fehling solution

(d) Sod. Nitroprusside

22. Formaldehyde gives condensation reaction with phenol in the presence of H₂SO₄, to yield: 12212107

(a) Polyester (b) Nylon 6-6

23. Which one does not show Cannizzaro’s reaction? 12212108

(a) Formaldehyde

(b) Benzaldehyde

(d) Acetaldehyde

24. Aldehydes react with Fehling solution to give: 12212109

(a) Pink ppt (b) Black ppt

25. Paraldehyde is a polymer of: 12212110

(a) HCHO

(b) CH₃CHO

(d) CH₃¾CO¾CH₃

26. The group - C- is called: 12212111

(a) Aldehydic group

(b) Carboxylic group

(d) Acyl group

27. The General formula for aldehydes is:

12212112

O O

|| ||

(a) R - C - H (b) R - C - R

28. The General formula for ketones is:

12212113

O O

|| ||

(a) R - C - OR (b) R - C - R

O O

|| ||

29. Which one of the following is aromatic aldehyde? 12212114

(a) Acetaldehyde

(b) Formaldehyde

(d) Benzaldehyde

30. Which product is likely to be formed, when mixture of air and vapours of methyl alcohol are passed over platinised asbestos at 300°C? 12212115

(a) Formaldehyde

(b) Acetaldehyde

(d) Acetic acid

31. Aldehydes react with hydroxylamine in acidic solution to give:(Board 2015) 12212116

(a) An oxime (b) Aldol

32. Which one of the following is a Grignard’s reagent? 12212117

(a) (b) CH₃MgCl

33. The condensation product of propanal in presence of dil NaOH will be: 12212118

(a) 3-hydroxy butanal

(b) 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2- pentanal

(d) 3-hydroxy-2-methyl pentanal

34. When 2 moles of Benzaldehyde are treated with one mole of NaOH, the products will be: 12212119

(a) Benzophenone and water

(b) Benzoic acid and Benzene

(d) Benzene and sod. Benzoate

35. The general formula for haloform is:

12212120

(a) CHX₃ (b) CH₂X₂

36. In the presence of H₂SO₄ Paraldehyde is formed by polymerization of: 12212121

(a) Formaldehyde

(b) Crotonaldehyde

(d) Acetaldehyde

37. The compound containing group is called: 12212122

(a) Azide (b) Oxime

38. Aldehydes and Ketones can be differentiated from each other by using: 12212123

(a) 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine

(b) Hydroxyl amine

(d) Fehling solution test

39. The reduction of ketones results in:

(a) Primary Alcohol 12212124

(b) Secondary Alcohol

(d) Formaldehyde

40. Which of the following reagents is composed of ammonical silver nitrate?

12212125

(a) Benedict’s Solution

(b) Fehling Solution

(d) Molish Reagent

41. Aliphatic aldehydes form brick red ppts with Fehling Solution, due to formation of: 12212126

(a) CuO (b) Cu₂O

42. Benedict’s solution is alkaline solution containing: 12212127

(a) cupric tartarate complex

(b) AgNO₃

(d) Cupric Citrate Complex

43. In the manufacturing of plastic such as bakelite, which of the following substance is used? 12212128

(a) Formic Acid

(b) Formaldehyde

(d) Acetaldehyde

44. The mixture containing 40% formaldehyde, 8% methyl alcohol and 52% H₂O is known by the name:

12212129

(a) Bakelite

(b) Metaformaldehyde

(d) Crotonaldehyde

45. Formamint contains: 12212130

(a) Formaldehyde and Lactose

(b) Formaldehyde and Menthol

(d) Formaldehyde and Ascorbic acid

46. Chloral hydrate can be prepared by using: 12212131

(a) Methanol

(b) Ethanal

(d) Butanol

47. Aldehydes having no aplha-hydrogen atom undergoes: 12212132

(a) Aldol Condensation

(b) Cannizzaro’s Reaction

(d) Reaction with Hydrazine

48. Which test is used to identify ketones from other compounds? 12212133

(a) Tollen’s Test

(b) Fehling Solution test

(d) Sod. Nitroprusside Test

49. Tollen’s reagent is: (Board 2006) 12212134

(a) Alkaline solution containing potassium tartarate

(b)Alkaline solution containing potassium citrate

(d) Ammonical Cu₂Cl₂

50. Acetone reacts with HCN to form cyanohydrins. It is an example of:

(Board 2010) 12212135

(a) Electrophilic addition

(b) Electrophilic substitution

(d) Nucleophilic substitution

51. Catalyst used for the laboratory preparation of formaldehyde is:

(Board 2010) 12212136

(a) Cd-asbestos (b) Pb-asbestos

52. Formalin is: 12212137

(a) 10% solution of formaldehyde in water

(b) 20% solution of formaldehyde in water

(d) 60% solution of formaldehyde in water

53. Which of the following compounds will not give iodoform test on treatment with I₂/NaOH: 12212138

(a) acetaldehyde

(b) acetone

(d) 3-pentanone

54. Which of the following compounds will react with Tollen’s reagent? (Board 2015)

12212139

(a) CH₃ – - H

(b) CH₃ – - CH₃

(d) CH₃ – - CH₂-CH₃

55. Cannizzaro’s reaction is given by: (Board 2016) 12212140

(a) Acetaldehyde

(b) Formaldehyde

(d) Propanone

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What is formalin? 12212141

Q. 2. Give the balanced chemical equation with reaction conditions for the formation of formaldehyde from methanol. 12212142

Q. 3. How formaldehyde is prepared on industrial scale, by using methanol? 12212143

Q. 4. Give equation when acetaldehyde is prepared by dry distillation of calcium salts of formic and acetic acid. 12212144

Q. 5. How acetaldehyde is prepared industrially by using ethylene? 12212145

Q. 6. What is aldol condensation?

(Board 2014) 12212146

Q. 7. How a base or acid catalyse the nucleophilic addition reactions of carbonyl groups? 12212147

Q. 8. What is Cannizzaro’s reaction? (B. 2009, B. 2010, 2014) 12212148

Q. 9. How haloform can be prepared? 12212149

Haloform

Q. 10. Iodoform test is used to distinguish between which organic compounds?

(Board. 2009) 12212150

Q. 11. How metaformaldehyde can be prepared by using formaldehyde? (Board 2009, 14) 12212151

Q. 12. How paraldehyde can be prepared by using acetaldehyde? (Board 2014) 12212152

Q. 13.Give the chemical equation of the reaction of acetaldehyde with 2,4- DNPH. 12212153

Q.14. Give the chemical equation of oxidation of propionaldehyde in the presence of acidified K₂Cr₂O₇. 12212154

Q.16 How Fehling solution test is performed to distinguish Aldehydes from ketones?

(Board 2008, 2016) 12212156

Q. 17. How brick red precipitates of Cu₂O are formed during the Benedict solution test of

aldehydes? 12212157

Q. 18. Give the chemical equation for the formation of an acetal by using ethanol and aldehydes. (Board 2011) 12212158

Q. 19. Give any four uses of formaldehyde. (Board 2014) 12212159

Q. 20. Give any four uses of acetaldehyde.

12212160

Q. 21. Why the aldehydes with no a-hydrogen give cannizzaro’s reaction?

12212161

Q. 22. Why HCN is not directly used in aldehydes and ketones? 12212162

Q.3 What type of polarity is present in carbonyl group? 12212163

Q.24 How will you convert acetic acid to acetaldehyde? 12212164

Q.25 Why sodium bi-sulphite react only with methyl ketones? 12212165

Q.26 Name two mild oxidizing agents which distinguish aldehydes and ketones.

12212166

Q. 27. Why NaHSO₃ is not added in 3-Pentanone? 12212167

Q. 28. Only methyl ketones are able to give haloform reaction but other ketones do not. Why? 12212168

Q. 29. What are the products of reaction of aldehydes and Ketones with hydroxyl amine?

12212169

Q. 30. Why ketones are less reactive than aldehydes? 12212170

Q. 31. What happens when the following compounds are heated (i) calcium acetate

(ii) sodium formate and soda lime? (Board 2008, 2015) 12212171

Q. 32. What is a haloform reaction? Give one example. (Board. 2009, 10) 12212172

Q. 33. Give the mechanism of HCN addition in acetone. (Board 2009) 12212173

Q. 34. Compare oxidation of CH₃CHO andby oxidizing agent K₂Cr₂O₇ (acidified). 12212174

Q. 35. How would acetone be changed to propane and t-butyl alcohol? (Board 2010) 12212175

Q.36. Name those weak oxidizing agents which can oxidize aldehyde but not the ketone.

(Board 2014) 12212176

Q.37. How iodoform is prepared from acetaldehyde and ethyl alcohol? (Board 2014) 12212177

Q38. What is the difference between aldehyde and ketone? (Board 2015) 12212178

Q39. Write the reaction of phenylhydrazine with acetaldehyde and acetone.

(Board 2016) 12212179

UNIT 13

Carboxylic Acids

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. The IUPAC name of H - -OH is :

12213068

(a) Ethanoic Acid

(b) Methanol

(d) Methanoic Acid

2. The aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are commonly called: 12213069

(a) Carbohydrates (b) Lipids

3. Organic compounds containing – CN group are called: 12213070

(a) Cyanides (b) Nitrites

4. Which of the following alcohols are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids on reacting with K₂Cr₂O₇?

12213071

(a) Primary (b) Secondary

5. Alkyl nitriles can be prepared by treating alkyl halides with alcoholic:

(a) Calcium cyanide 12213072

(b) Phosphorus cyanide

(d) Calcium carbide

6. Carboxylic acids are dehydrated on heating strongly in the presence of:

12213073

(a) Al₂O₃ (b) P₂O₅

7. Vinegar is dilute solution of Acetic Acid: 12213074

(a) 1 – 5% (b) 4 – 10%

8. Acidic amino acids contain acidic groups: 12213075

(a) One

(b) Two

(d) Four

9. NH₂- CH₂ COOH is formula of:

12213076

(a) Histidine (b) Glycine

10. Zwitter ion is a: 12213077

(a) Polar ion

(b) Non polar ion

(d) Tripolar ion

11. Amino acids can be prepared by:

(Board 2010)12213078

(a) Kolb’s synthesis

(b) Wurtz Synthesis

(d) Williamson’s synthesis

12. All alpha amino acids exist largely in form: 12213079

(a) Covalent form

(b) Ionic form

(d) none of the above

13. Which of the following is not formed when acetic acid reacts with PCl₅?

12213080

(a) C₂ H₅ Cl (b) HCl

14. Acetic Acid is obtained when: 12213081

(a) Methanol is oxidised

(b) Methanol is reduced

(d) Methanol is fermented

15. Acetic Acid usually exists as: 12213082

(a) Monomer (b) Dimer

16. The acid present in the sting of bees and ants is: 12213083

(a) Acetic Acid (b) HCl

17. Which one is not a carboxylic Acid?

12213084

(a) Acetic Acid (b) Formic Acid

18. Which of the following is a cyclic carboxylic acid? 12213085

(a) Carbolic Acid (b) Picric Acid

19. Which one is an unsaturated carboxylic acid? (Board 2010) 12213086

(a) Propanoic acid (b) Oxalic Acid

20. Which one is a fatty Acid? 12213087

(a) Oxalic Acid (b)Phthalic Acid

21. Acetic Acid exists as dimer in benzene due to: 12213088

(a) Presence of hydrogen at a-carbon

(b) Condensation reaction

(d) Hydrogen bonding

22. Two moles of acetic acid are heated with P₂O₅. The product formed is:

12213089

(a) Butanoic Acid

(b) Acetic Anhydride

(d) Ethanal

23. Acetic Acid reacts with LiAlH₄ to give: 12213090

(a) C₂H₆ (b) C₃H₇OH

24. In the formation of ester from carboxylic acids, the -OH group is replaced by: 12213091

(a) -R (b) -COOR

25. When aqueous solution of potassium salt of acetic acid is electrolysed the gas produced is: 12213092

(a) Methane (b) Ethane

26. A Carboxylic Acid is treated with lime water, the product is distilled in dry state, it forms acetone, the carboxylic acid is: 12213093

(a) HCOOH

(b) CH₃COOH

(d) Succinic acid

27. The reaction of acetic acid with sodium metal gives: 12213094

(a) CO (b) CO₂

28. Hydrolysis of nitriles with alkaline solution gives 12213095

(a) Esters (b) Cyanides

29. A mixture of an aldehyde and carboxylic acid can be distinguished by: 12213096

(a) Na₂SO₃ (b) NaHSO₃

30. The strecker synthesis is employed for the preparation of amino acids when hydrogen cyanide and ammonia is treated with the substrate: 12213097

(a) Alcohol (b) Carboxylic Acid

31. Which of the following amino acids is basic? 12213098

(a) Glutamic Acid (b) Glycine

32. Acetaldehyde and acetic acid can be distinguished with: 12213099

(a) NaHCO₃ (b) NaOH

33. The solvent that can dissolve all the carboxylic acids is: 12213100

(a) Conc. H₂SO₄ (b) dil-NaOH

34. Acetamide is prepared by: 12213101

(a) Heating Ammonium Acetate

(b) Heating Methyl Cyanide

(d) The hydrolysis of Methyl Cyanide

35. Which of the following carboxylic acids has higher melting point? 12213102

(a) Formic Acid (b) Acetic Acid

36. Amino Acids are identified in paper chromatography by: 12213103

(a) Fehling Solution Test

(b) Tollen’s Test

(d) Ninhydrin

37. Which of the following reactions involves displacement of OH group of the carboxylic acids? 12213104

(a) RCOOH + Na ¾¾®

(b) RCOOH + NaOH ¾¾®

(d) RCOOH + PCl₅ ¾¾®

38. An acid X is reacted with a mixture of sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid the product is lactic acid, the X is:

12213105

(a) Glycerine (b) Lysine

39. 2-Hydroxy propanoic acid is called:

(Board 2008) 12213106

(a) Oxalic acid (b) Lactic acid

40. Which reagent is used to reduce a carboxylic group to an alcohol?

(Board. 2008, 09, 15) 12213107

(a) H₂/Ni (b) H₂/Pt

41. Acetic acid was first isolated from:

(Board. 2009) 12213108

(a) Butter (b) Vinegar

42. The molecular mass of protein is: (Board 2010) 12213109

(a) less than 10, 000

(b) Greater than 10, 000

(d) Equal to 9, 000

43. Which compound is polyprotic acid?

(Board 2011) 12213110

(a) CH₃COOH (b) C₆H₄(OH)COOH

44. Acetic acid is manufactured by:

12213111

(a) Distillation (b) Fermentation

45. A carboxlic acid contains: 12213112

(a) a hydroxyl group

(b) a carboxyl group

(d) a carboxyl and an aldehydic group

46. Which acid is used in the manufacture of synthetic fibre: 12213113

(a) Formic acid (b) Oxalic acid

47. Which of the following derivatives cannot be prepared directly from acetic acid: 12213114

(a) Acetamide (b) Acetyl chloride

48. The solution of which acid is used for seasoning of food? 12213115

(a) Formic acid (b) Acetic acid

49. Organic compounds x and y react together to form organic compound z. What type of compounds can x,y and z be? 12213116

(a) (x) alcohol, (y) ester, (z) acid

(b) (x) acid, (y) ester, (z) alcohol

(d) (x) alcohol, (y) acid, (z) ester

50. An aqueous solution of an organic compound reacts with sodium carbonate to produce CO₂ gas. Which of the following could be the organic compound: 12213117

(a) CH₂=CH-CH₃

(b) CH₃-CHO

(d) CH₃-CH₂-COOH

51. Which of the following is not a fatty acid? 12213118

(a) Propanoic acid (b) Acetic acid

52. Acetamide is prepared by: 12213117

(a) Heating ammonium acetate

(b) Acetic acid

(d) Butanoic acid

53. Banana flavor is given by the ester: (Board 2016) 12213119

(a) Octyl acetate

(b) Amyl butyrate

(d) Ethyl butyrate

54. The carbon atom of a carboxyl group is hybridized: (Board 2016) 12213120

(a) sp (b) sp²

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q. 1. How carboxylic acids are converted into a-amino acids? (Board 2016) 12213121

Q. 2. Why are the carboxylic acids called as fatty acids? 12213122

Q. 3. How alkenes are converted into carboxylic acids by using alkaline KMnO₄? 12213123

Q. 4. What are acid anhydrides and how are they prepared? (Board 2010) 12213124

Q. 5. What is Zwitter ion? (Board 2006) 12213125

Q. 6. How carboxylic acids are reduced? 12213126

Q. 7. What are neutral amino acids? (Board 2015, 2016) 12213127

Q. 8. Give some uses of acetic acid. (Board 2010) 12213128

Q. 9. What are essential and non-essential amino acids? (Board 2009) 12213129

Q. 10. How the hydrolysis of nitriles give carboxylic acids? (Board 2009) 12213130

Q. 11. Why acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid? What are its major uses? 12213131

Q. 12. How carboxylic acid will act as an acid? 12213132

Q. 13. What are various esters found in the fruits? 12213133

Q. 14. What are aromatic carboxylic acids? 12213134

Q. 15. What is a peptide bond? Write down formula of a dipeptide. (Board 2007, 15) 12213135

Q.16 Why do the carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols and alkanes?

12213136

Q.17 What is Ninhydrin test? 12213137

Q. 18. How do you justify that amino acids are amphoteric in nature? (Board 2009) 12213138

Q. 19. Write the formula of glycine and alanine. (Board 2016) 12213139

Q. 20. How amino acid is prepared by strecker method? (Board 2016) 12213140

Q. 21. How are amino acids converted to esters? 12213141

Q. 22. How acetic acid is prepared in the laboratory? 12213142

Q. 23. How will you convert acetic acid to acetamide? (Board 2008, 15) 12213143

Q. 24. Write down the structural formulas of Benzoic acid and acetic anhydride.

(Board 2008) 12213144

Q. 25. How ethanol is converted into acetic acid? (Board 2008) 12213145

Q. 26. How will you convert acetic acid to methane? (Board 2008, 10) 12213146

Q. 27. What is the difference between peptides and proteins? (Board 2009) 12213147

Q. 28. What are fatty acids? How can acid chlorides are made from them? (Board 2010) 12213148

Q. 29. Differentiate between acidic and basic amino acids. (Board 2011) 12213149

Q. 30. How will you convert CH₃ – CH₃ ¾¾® CH₃ – CH₂ – COOH? (Board 2006) 12213150

Q. 31. Write IUPAC names and standard formulas of first four members of Saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids. (Board 2010) 12213151

Q.32 Why lower carboxylic acids are very soluble in water? 12212152

Q.33 Why the molecular masses of carboxylic acids become double in non-polar solvents? 12212153

Q.34 Why the melting points of carboxylic acids having even number of carbon atoms are greater than those having odd number of carbon atoms?

12212154

Q.35 How would you convert acetic acid to acetone? 12212155

UNIT 14

Macromolecules

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. Which of these polymers is an addition polymer? (Board 2007, 10, 11,14, 15) 12214065

(a) Nylon 6, 6 (b) Polystyrene

2. Which of these polymers is a synthetic polymer? 12214066

(a) Animal fat (b) Starch

3. Which of the following is polyester?

(a) Nylon 6, 6 12214067

(b) Polyvinyl Chloride

4. Which of the following macromolecules contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen? 12214068

(a) Nylon 6,6 (b) Terylene

5. Which one of the following enzymes brings about the hydrolysis of fats?

(Board 2013, 2016)12214069

(a) Urease (b)Maltase

6. The reaction between fat and NaOH is called: (Board 2014, 15, 16) 12214070

(a) Esterification (b) Hydrogenolysis

7. Which one of the following is a monomer of Teflon? 12214071

(a) CH₂ = CH₂ – Cl

(b) Cl – CH = CH – Cl

(d) F₂C = CF₂

8. Vegetable oils are: (Board 2008) 12214072

(a) Unsaturated fatty acids

(b) Glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids

9. Which of the following is a thermosetting plastic? 12214073

(a) PVC (b) Polystyrene

10. Starch is a polymer of: 12214074

(a) µ - D – Glucose (b) b - D – Glucose

11. Sucrose is a: 12214075

(a) Monosaccharide (b) Disaccharide

12. The degree of unsaturation of fat is measured by: 12214076

(a) Iodine number

(b) Oxidation number

(d) Saponification number

13. The characteristic functional group in fats is: 12214077

(a) A ketonic group

(b) An alcoholic group

(d) A peptide group

14. Proteins on hydrolysis produce: 12214078

(a) Amino Acids (b) Fatty Acids

15. Cholesterol is precursor of: 12214079

(a) Vitamin D

(b) Sex Hormones

(d) All of the above

16. Hydrolysis of sucrose is called: 12214080

(a) Hydration (b) Inversion

17. The substance that retard the activity of enzyme is called: 12214081

(a) Co-enzyme (b) Epo-enzyme

18. Non-protein part of enzyme is called: 12214082

(a) Epoenzyme (b) Coenzyme

19. The optimum temperature for the activity of enzymes is: 12214083

(a) 10 - 20°C (b) 20 - 35°C

20. Which one is water insoluble? 12214084

(a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin B

21. Which one is water soluble? 12214085

(a) Vitamin D (b) Vitamin E

22. The addition of H₂to oil in the presence of catalyst is: 12214086

(a) Hydrogenation (b) Esterification

23. Cholesterol belongs to class: 12214087

(a) Fats (b) Lipids

24. Which of the following is an ester? 12214088

(a) Soap (b) Starch

25. Which one is not a polymer? 12214089

(a) Glycogen (b) Starch

26. Which of the following polymers contains Hydrogen bonding? 12214090

(a) Nylon 6,6 (b) PVC

27. Which one is a condensation polymer?

(a) Polyethylene 12214091

(b) P.V.C.

(d) Nylon 6,6

28. The molecular formula of a Trisaccharide may be: 12214092

(a) C₃ H₃ O₃ (b) C₃ H₆ O₃

29. Which is not a lipid? 12214093

(a) Cholesterol (b) Oil

30. The length of the polymer chain is specified by: 12214094

(a) Iodine number

(b) Degree of polymerization

(d) Saponification number

31. Sucrose belong to the class of carbohydrates called as: 12214095

(a) Polysaccharides (b) Enzymes

(d) Monosaccharides

32. Vinyl acetate reacts with butyl maleate to form: 12214096

(a) Homopolymer (b) Copolymer

33. The animal starch is: 12214097

(a) Glucose (b) Glycogen

34. The enzyme which is not present in human body is: 12214098

(a) Cellulase (b) Lipase

35. The fibre which is made from acrylonitrile as monomer is:(Board 2014)

12214099

(a) PVC (b) Rayon fibre

36. Plastics are a pollution problem because many plastics: 12214100

(a) are made from petroleum

(b) are very inflammable

(d) decompose to produce toxic products

37. A polymeric substance that is formed in the liquid state and then hardened to a rigid solid is called a: 12214101

(a) Fibre (b) Plastic

38. Which one of the following elements is not present in all proteins? 12214102

(a) Carbon (b) Hydrogen

39. Which one of the following is a water soluble vitamin? 12214103

(a) Niacin (b) Riboflavin

40. Which one of the following statements about glucose and sucrose is incorrect?

(Board 2008) 12214104

(a) Both are soluble in water

(b) Both are naturally occurring

(d) Both are disaccharides

41. Which of the following is called Polyamide resin? 12214105

(a) Nylon 6,6 (b) Polyester

42. Potato, rice, maize and wheat are the major sources of: 12214106

(a) Fructose (b) Starch

43. Which of the following is insoluble in water? 12214107

(a) Glucose (b) Fructose

44. A Protein which is obtained by heating bones, which is used in bakery goods. The protein is: 12214108

(a) Insulin (b) Gelatin

45. Which of the following serves as excellent insulators for the animal body: 12214109

(a) Fats (b) Starch

46. Which of the following act in vivo as well as in vitro? 12214110

(a) Enzymes (b) Lipids

47. The extent of unsaturation in a fat or oil is expressed in terms of: 12214111

(a) Acid Number

(b) Iodine Number

(d) Rancidity of fats or oils

48. Which statement is incorrect? 12214112

(a) Proteins have nitrogen while carbohydrates do not

(b) Enzymes are proteins

(d) Proteins, like fats and carbohydrates are sources of energy

49. The fibre having the monomer

CH₂ = CH - CN (acrylo nitrile) is known as: (Board 2009) 12214113

(a) Acrylic Fibre (b) PVC

50. Which of the following is the property of thermoplastic? 12214114

(a) That contains chlorine as necessary element

(b) That is formed by condensation polymerization

(d) That cannot be remolded and softened easily by heating

51. Terylene Polymer is formed from:

12214115

(a) Hydrogen Cyanide and Acetylene

(b) Vinyl Chloride and Vinyl Acetate

(d) Adipic Acid and Hexamethylene diamine

52. Which of the following enzymes catalyze the addition of H₂O or NH₃ to double bond? 12214116

(a) Hydrolases (b) Isomerases

53. Epoxy resins are fundamentally:

(Board 2007) 12214117

(a) Polyamides (b) Polyethers
(c) Polyesters (d) Polyvinyls

54. Which of the following is used to prepare synthetic fibre?

(Board 2008) 12214118

(a) Carbonic acid (b) Formic acid

55. Enzyme used for the treatment of blood cancer in children is: (Board 2010)

12214119

(a) Cellulase

(b) Urease

(d) Lactic dehydrogenase

56. Which one of the following nitrogenous

bases is not present in RNA? 12214120

(a) Cytosine (b) Adenine

57. In which of these processes are small

organic molecules made into

macromolecules: 12214121

(a) The cracking of petroleum fractions.

(b) The fractional distillation of crude oil.

(d) The hydrolysis of proteins.

a. SHORT QUESTIONS

3. Q. 1. What is iodine number? (Board 2016)

4. (Board 2008, 09, 11, 14) 12214122

5. Q. 2. Define saponification and saponification number? (Board 2008, 09, 14, 16) 12214123

6. Q. 3. What do you mean by Rancidity of fat? (Board 2014, 15, 16) 12214124

7. Q. 4. What are derived Proteins?

8. (Board 2010) 12214125

9. Q. 5. What is the basic skeleton of steroids? 12214126

Q. 6. Differentiate between µ - D Glucose and b - D – Glucose. 12214127

10. Q. 7. What do you mean by denaturing of proteins? 12214128

Q. 8. Differentiate between glycosidic linkage and peptide linkage. 12214129

Q. 9. What is the difference between Epoenzyme and coenzyme? 12214130

Q. 10. What is optimum temperature and optimum pH for enzymatic activity? 12214131

Q. 11. Differentiate between Homopoly-mer and Copolymer. 12214132

11. Q. 12. What are thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics? (Board 2006,14) 12214133

Q.13 How proteins are classified? 12214134

Q.14 How will you classify polymer on the basis of varieties of monomers? 12214135

Q.15 What are epoxy resins? 12214136

Q. 16. What is meant by Terpolymer?

12214137

Q. 17. What is the acid number of the fats? 12214138

Q. 18. What are nucleotides? 12214139

Q. 19. What factors affect enzyme activity? (Board 2009) 12214140

Q. 20. What is cholesterol? 12214141

Q. 21. What is lactose? To which class does it belong? 12214142

Q. 22. How do you classify the oils and fats on the basis of phase? (Board 2011, 15)

12214143

Q. 23. What are oligosaccharides? 12214144

Q. 24. What is starch? 12214145

Q. 27. How polystyrene is prepared? Give its two uses. 12214148

Q. 28. Write a short note on Nylon –6, 6. (Board 2009) 12214149

Q. 29. What are acrylic resins? Give their two uses. (Board 2009) 12214150

Q. 30. Define enzyme. Name their two properties. (Board 2011) 12214151

Q. 31. What are carbohydrates? Why are they called so? (Board 2014) 12214152

Q. 32. Give the difference between DNA and RNA. (Board 2014) 12214153

Q.33 How the degree of polymerization helps to determine the molar mass of the polymer? 12214154

Q.34 How will you differentiate between amylose and amylopectin? 12214155

Q.3 What is meant by denatination of proteins? 12214156

Q.4 Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization. (Board 2016) 12214157

Q.5 Differentiate between fats and oils. 12214158

Ans.

UNIT 15

Common Chemical Industries In Pakistan

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. Which three elements are needed for the healthy growth of plants?(Board 2010)

12215053

(a) N, S, P (b) N, Ca, P

2. Which woody raw material is used for the manufacture of paper pulp?

(Board 2013,16) 12215054

(a) Cotton (b) Bagasse

3. The nitrogen present in some fertilizers help plants to: (Board 2010) 12215055

(a) fight against diseases

(b) undergo photosynthesis

(d) produce fruits

4. Phosphorus helps the growth of:

12215056

(a) root (b) leaves (Board 2014)

(b) stem (d) seed

5. Micronutrients are required in quantity ranging from: 12215057

(a) 4g-40g (b) 6g-200g

6. During the manufacturing process of cement the temperature of decomposition zone goes up to: 12215058

(a) 600^oC (b) 800^oC

7. The word paper is derived from name of which reedy plant? (Board 2015) 12215059

(a) lime (b) sunflower

8. Which is not a calcarious material?

(Board 2009, 11,14,15) 12215060

(a) shale (b) lime stone

9. How many zones are there through which the charge passes in a Rotary kiln?

(Board 2014) 12215061

(a) 4 (b) 3

10. Ammonium nitrate fertilizer is not used for which crop? (Board 2016) 12215062

(a) cotton (b) wheat

11. Which of following compounds is a nitrogenous fertilizer? 12215063

(a) NH₂CONH₂ (b) Cu(NO₃)₂

12. Which one of the following is a macronutrient for plants? 12215064

(a) boron (b) zinc

13. The nutrients which are required in very small amount for the growth of

plants are called: 12215065

(a) macronutrients (b) micronutrients

14. Potassium present in fertilizers helps the growth of: 12215066

(a) seed, food and cereals

(b) stem

(d) leaves

15. The most widely used nitrogen fertilizer in Pakistan is: 12215067

(a) Ammonia

(b) Ammonium nitrate

(d) urea

16. Which one of the following sets of raw materials is most suitable for manufacture of urea? 12215068

(a) CH₄, N₂ and CO₂

(b) H₂, N₂ and CO

(d) H₂O, N₂ and H₂

17. Ammonia is prepared industrially by:

(a) Contact process 12215069

(b) Ostwald’s process

(d) Haber’s process

18. The percentage of nitrogen in urea is:

(a) 36% (b) 46% 12215070

19. The percentage of nitrogen in ammonia is: 12215071

(a) 46% (b)62%

20. Prilling is a process in which: 12215072

(a) Concentration of urea is decreased (b) Water is removed from urea

(d) Some ingredients are added to urea

21. Which one of the following substances cannot be used as phosphate fertilizer? 12215073

(a) Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ (b) (NH₄)₂ HPO₄

22. Cement was introduced by mason:

(a) D.H. Whove 12215074

(b) Humphy Davy

(d) Friedrick Miescher

23. The diameter of rotary kiln in the manufacture of cement is: 12215075

(a) 1 to 2 feet (b) 2 to 4 feet

24. The length of rotary Kiln in manufacture of cement is: 12215076

(a) 100 - 300 ft (b) 200 ft

25. The percentage of gypsum in cement is:

12215077

(a) 2 % (b) 10 %

26. Setting process of cement is based upon: 12215078

(a) Hydrolysis

(b) Hydration

(d) Hydrolysis and hydration

27. Which one of the following is woody raw material used for making pulp and paper? 12215079

(a) Eucalyptus (b) Wheat straw

28. Which substance is used as filler in paper making? 12215080

(a) Glucose (b) Fructose

29. In Pakistan, the total consumption of paper per person per year is: 12215081

(a) 2kg (b) 5kg

30. Dried paper would contain final moisture upto: 12215082

(a) 2 to 3% (b) 3 to 5%

31. The pH of the pulp during digestion in digestor is: 12215083

(a) 5 to 7 (b) 7 to 9

32. In the screening of the pulp, stones and oversized pieces are removed from the pulp by: 12215084

(a) magnetic separator

(b) centricleaners

(d) rotary drum

33. One of the following fertilizers providing nitrogen and phosphorous to plants is:

(a) Potassium nitrate 12215085

(b) Diammonium phosphate

(d) Urea

34. The percentage of Silica in cement is:

(a) 62 % 12215086

(b) 22 %

(d) 50 %

35. The main function of burning in rotary kiln is: 12215087

(a) To reduce the impurities

(b) Combination of different oxides like CaO, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃

(d) To decompose limestone to unslaked lime

36. Which of the following substances has greater percentage in cement? 12215088

(a) MgO (b) Al₂O₃

37. The substance which is used to bleach the pulp is: 12215089

(a) NaOH (b) Na₂SO₃

38. Which of the following is the non- woody raw material used for paper?

12215090

(a) Eucalyptus (b) Poplar (Board 2010)

39. Which of the following fertilizers contains 46% N? 12215091

(a) NH₃

(b) (NH₂)₂CO

(d) KNO₃

40. Which of the following is not argillaceous material? 12215092

(a) Marine shell (b) Clay

41. Nitrogenous fertilizer easily taken up by plants is: (Board 2011) 12215093

(a) Urea (b) NH₄NO₃

42. The percentage of alumina in Portland cement is: 12215094

(a) 22% (b) 3.5%

43. Percentage of nitrogen is diammonium phosphate is: 12215095

(a) 48% (b) 34%

SHORT QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What are macro-nutrients of plants and how much they are required?

(Board 2007) 12215096

Q. 2. What are micro-nutrients of plants? (Board 2015) 12215097

Q. 3. Why Prilled urea is better than fine powder? 12215098

Q. 4. Why ammonium nitrate is not useful fertilizer for paddy rice? 12215099

Q. 5. What raw materials are used for urea? 12215100

Q. 6. Which crops require more potassium fertilizer? 12215101

Q. 7. Which raw materials are used for cement? OR Name the essential constituents of cement. (Board 2014) 12215102

Q. 8. Is cement mixture or compound?

12215103

Q. 9. Why cement is called “Portland Cement”? 12215104

Q. 10. Which process is mostly used for manufacture of cement in Pakistan? 12215105

Q. 11. Write the name of different zones and their temperatures in rotary kiln.

(Board 2013) 12215106

difference between cement and clinker? (Board 2014) 12215107

Q. 13. Write steps involved for manufacturing of cement. 12215108

Q. 14. What processes are used for pulp making in Pakistan and which one is more advantageous.? 12215109

Q. 15. Write down the names of three woody and three non-woody raw materials for pulp making? (Board 2009,15, 16) 12215110

Q. 16. Which bleaching agents are used to bleach the pulp in Pakistan? 12215111

Q. 17. What is role of additives in paper making? 12215112

Q. 18. Name the additives which are commonly used for pulp making? 12215113

Q. 19. What is the role of head box in paper making Fourdrinier machine?

12215114

Q. 20. What is calendering in paper making? 12215115

Q. 21. How is clinker mixed with gypsum?

12215116

Q. 22. What is the importance of phosphorous for plants? 12215117

Q. 23. What is meant by prilling of urea?

(Board 2016) 12215118

Q. 24. What is meant by setting of cement? (Board2008) 12215119

Q. 25. What is lignin? 12215120

Q. 26. Name two phosphatic fertilizers. What they provide to plants or soil?

(Board 2006) 12215121

Q. 27. What is the composition of lime and silica in good cement? (Board 2008) 12215122

Q. 28. Write equations for preparation of

12215123

(a) Ammonium carbamate from ammonia

(b) Urea from Ammonium carbamate (Board . 2008,2014)

Q. 29. How will you prepare diammonium phosphate from NH₃? Also indicate the percentage of N₂ and P₂O₅ present in this fertilizer. (Board 2010,2013) 12215124

Q. 30. Classify elements essential for plant growth. (Board 2011,13) 12215125

Q. 31. Enlist steps involved in the synthesis of Urea. (Board. 2011) 12215126

Q. 32. Why wet cleaning is done in paper manufacture? (Board 2014) 12215127

Q. 33. Distinguish between fertilizer and non-fertilizer compounds. (Board 2014,15)

12215128

Q. 34. What is the role of decomposition and burning zones in the manufacturing of cement? (Board 2014, 2016) 12215129

Q.35 What is the important of potassium fertilizer? 12215130

Q.36 What reactions take place during setting of cement from one to seven days.

12215131

Q.37 How stock preparation is done in paper manufacture? 12215132

Q.38 How paper industry can be more progressive in Pakistan? 12215133

Q.39 Describe reactions taking place during setting of cement in first 24 hours. 12215134

UNIT 16

Environmental Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

Encircle the right answer:

1. The pH range of the acid rain is: 12216048

(a) 7-6.5 (b) 6.5-6 (Board 2009, 10)

2. Peroxy Acetyl Nitrate (PAN) is an irritant of human beings and it affects:

(Board 2008, 09, 16) 12216049

(a) eyes (b) ears

3. To avoid the formation of toxic compounds with chlorine which substance is used for disinfecting water: (Board 2016) 12216050

(a) KMnO₄ (b) O₃

4. A single chloride free radical can destroy how many ozone molecules?

(Board 2010) 12216051

(a) 100 (b) 10000

5. Fungicides are the pesticides which : (Board 2011) 12216052

(a) control the growth of fungus

(b) kill insects

(d) kill herbs

6. Ecosystem is a smaller unit of: (Board 2011,2014) 12216053

(a) lithosphere (b) hydrosphere

7. The main pollutant of leather tanneries in the waste water is due to the salt of:

(Board 2007,2013) 12216054

(a) lead (b) chromium (VI)

8. In purification of potable water the coagulant used is (Board 2013) 12216055

(a) nickel sulphate

(b) copper sulphate

(d) alum

9. The temperature in the incineration of industrial and hazardous waste process has a range: (Board 2008) 12216056

(a) 900 –1000°C

(b) 250–500°C

(d) 500–900°C

10. The 99.5% mass of the lithosphere is made of _________ elements: 12216057

(a) 5 (b) 6

11. Agriculture uses water out of fresh water: 12216058

(a) 23% (b) 69%

12. The component of environment which consists of rigid rocky crust of the earth is called: 12216059

(a) atmosphere (b) hydrosphere

13. Which of the following is not the essential function of gases present in the atmosphere, to maintain life:12216060

(a) O₂ is required for respiration

(b) CO₂ is essential for photosynthesis of plants

(d) N₂ is used by nitrogen fixing bacteria

14. Which of the following air pollutants is secondary pollutant? 12216061

(a) SO₂ and SO₃

(b) NO₂ and O₃

(d) Radioactive materials

15. Carbon monoxide is mainly evolved from: 12216062

(a) plants (b) aerosols

16. Which of the following is not the property of carbon monoxide? 12216063

(a) it is colorless, odourless gas

(b) soluble in water

(d) lighter than air

17. Which of the following is not a component of acid rain? 12216064

(a) HCl (b) HNO₃

18. Ozone is present in the form of layer in the stratosphere and surrounds the globe at a distance of: 12216065

(a) 25 – 28 km (b) 50 – 60 km

19. Which of the following is not a pesticide? 12216066

(a) herbicide

(b) insecticide

(d) peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)

20. All of the following metals are pollutants of chemical industries except: 12216067

(a) Cd (b) Pb

21. The major sources of hydrocarbon emission are: 12216068

(a) Trees and plants

(b) Paddy fields

(d) Smog

22. The pollutants present in municipal solid waste include: 12216069

(a) Methane

(b) Acetic acid and various fatty acids

(d) Toluene and dichloromethane

23. A substance which is commonly present in car exhaust fumes and does not pollute the atmosphere is: 12216070

(a) SO₂ (b) NO₂

24. Which of the following substances causes acid rain? 12216071

(a) Hydrocarbons

(b) Chlorofluorocarbons

25. The combination of smoke and fog is called: 12216072

(a) Smog (b) Coagulant

(d) Secondary pollutant

26. The acidification of soil and rocks can leach the metals like Al, Hg, Pb and Ca which causes: 12216073

(a) damaging of leaves

(b) Accumulation of these metals in fishes

(d) All of the above

27. The heavy toxic metal ions such as Pb, Cd and Hg mix into water from sediments due to: 12216074

(a) Detergent contents of waste water

(b) Pesticides

28. Chlorine treatment of water is effective in killing pathogens but it has harmful effects, due to the reaction of HOCl disinfecting agent with: 12216075

(a) NO₂ to form HNO₃

(b) CO₂ to form H₂CO₃

(d) SO₂ to form H₂SO₄

29. The water having dissolved O₂ less than____ is polluted: 12216076

(a) 2 ppm (b) 4 ppm

30. Herbicides are the pesticides which:

12216077

(a) Kill herbs

(b) Kill plants

(d) Control the growth of fungus

31. How many times the newspaper can be recycled again and again? (Board 2014)

(Board 2010, 11, 14,15, 16) 12216078

(a) 3 (b) 5

32. Which one of the following factors is not used to determine the quality of water? 12216079

(a) Available chlorine

(b) Chemical oxygen demand

(d) Dissolved oxygen

33. The yellowish colour in photochemical smog is due to the presence of: 12216080

(a) SO₂ (b) CO₂

34. Aeration of polluted water 12216081

(a) Improves O₂ level

(b) Oxidize Fe⁺² to Fe⁺³

(d) All of the above

35. Atmosphere contains CO₂:

(Board 2007) 12216082

(a) 0.0% (b) 0.02%

36. Which gas is not a pollutant?

(Board 2008) 12216083

(a) SO₂(b) CO

37. The thickness of atmosphere is:

(Board 2009) 12216084

(a) 1500 km (b) 1000 km

38. The residual ash after incineration of industrial waste is disposed off in a landfill, which is lined with: 12216085

(a) portland cement (Board 2011)

(b) clay and plastic

(d) stone ware

39. Following is better to disinfect water:

(Board 2011) 12216086

(a) Cl₂ (b) O₂

40. The element whose inorganic minerals are not much abundant in earth crust:

(Board 2011) 12216087

(a) Li (b) N

41. The range of dissolved oxygen in a quality water is: 12216088

(a) 2–4 ppm (b) 3–5 ppm

42. Ozone is mostly produced in: 12216089

(a) North polar region

(b) Tropical region

(d) Thermosphere zone of atmosphere

a. SHORT QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What types of water resources are included in hydrosphere? 12216090

Q. 2. Write the names of three most abundant elements in the earth crust.

12216091

Q. 3. What are the secondary pollutants present in the atmosphere?(Board 2014) 12216092

Q. 4. How formation of smog affects the life on earth? 12216093

Q. 5. Why carbon monoxide present in the air is poisonous to human beings?12216094

Q. 6. What are the hazardous effects of acid rain on earth? 12216095

Q. 7. What is meant by ozone hole? 12216096

Q. 8. How pesticides contaminate the soil? 12216097

Q. 9. What are the factors that affect the quality of water? 12216098

Q. 10. Explain purification of water by use of coagulating agent. (Board 2016) 12216099

Q. 11. What are the harmful effects of chlorination of water? 12216100

Q. 12. What is meant by solid waste management? 12216101

Q. 13. What are various steps of water treatment? 12216102

Q. 14. How water is polluted by petroleum? 12216103

Q. 15. What are aerosols? How they affect the human body? 12216104

Q. 16. Why incineration of solid waste is not a good process? 12216105

Q. 17. What is the role of chlorofluoro carbons (CFCS) in destroying ozone?

(Board 2008, 09, 16) 12216106

Q. 18. What are the sources of methane which is an air pollutant? 12216107

Q. 19. What are the main sources of carbon monoxide gas? 12216108

Q. 20. What is the importance of dissolved oxygen in water? 12216109

Q. 21. Carbon monoxide is considered as Primary Pollutant. How it affects human beings? (Board 2006) 12216110

Q. 22. What is lithosphere? (Board 2007,2014)

12216111

Q. 23. What is the unit used to measure the amount of ozone in the atmosphere and give its normal amount? (Board 2007)

12216112

Q. 24. What is the acid rain and how does it affect humans and birds?(Board 2009 10) 12216113

Q. 25. Why detergents are threat to aquatic life? (Board 2009, 2010) 12216114

Q. 26. What are Primary Pollutants? Give their names. (Board 2009) 12216115

Q. 27. What is smog? (Board 2010) 12216116

Q. 28. How the gases in the atmosphere absorb? (Board 2014) 12216117

Q. 29. What is chemical oxygen demand? (Board 2016) 12216118

Q.30 What is effect of aeration on quality of raw water?

Q.31 What is meant by recycling of solid waste? 12216120

Q.32 What is depolymerization?

(Board 2016) 12216121

Q.33 Discuss livestock waste as water pollutant. 12216122

Q.34 What is meant by coagulation?

12216123

Causative

12th Chemistry Objective + Short Questions

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