Unit 15
HOMEOSTASIS
Q.1 What is Homeostasis? How living organisms maintain their internal environment with the help of homeostasis?
Q.2 Define the term osmoregulation. How osmoregulation occurs in plants and animals under different environmental conditions?
Q.3 Give the classification and characteristics of plants distributed in different habitats.
Q.4 Differentiate between osmoconformers and
osmoregulators.
Discuss osmoregulation in animals in different environments. (Board 2015) 12415004
Q.5 What is
excretion? Describe the process of excretion in plants. (Board 2013) 12415005
Q.6
Whathe t are the excretory products in
the animals?
Q.7 Discuss nature of excretory products in
relation to habitats. (Board 2009) 12415007
Q.8 Describe the process of excretion in Hydra.
12415008
Q.10
Describe the process of excretion in
Earthworm. 12415010
Q.11
Given an account the excretory system in cockroach. (Board
2016) 12415011
Q.12
What are the excretory organs in
vertebrates? 12415012
Ans: Excretory Organs in Vertebrates:
Q.13
What are the excretory products and
organs in Human? 12415013
Q.14
Highlight the role of liver as
excretory organ. 12415014
Q.15
What
do you know about Man's arrangement of urinary system? What is the structure of kidney and Nephron? (Board 2014) 12415015
Q.16
Describe the functioning of kidney. 12415016
Q.17 Describe the hormonal effect on kidney
function and concentration of excretory products? 12415017
Q.18 Discuss some kidney problems with their
cures. do 12415018
Q.19
Define the term thermoregulation. Which
adaptations the plants show for thermoregulation in their body to low and
high temperature? 12415019
Q.20
What is the classification of animals
on the basis of temperature regulation and source of heat production? 12415020
Q.21 What are different adaptations in animals to
exchange heat with environment? 12415021
Q.22 Describe thermoregulation in mammals particularly
in human. 12415022
Q.23 (a) Explain thermostat function and feedback control in Human by hypothalamus.
(b) What is pyrexia and its significance?
Unit 16
Support And Movements
Q.l What do you know about the concept and need of support? How support is provided in plants?
Q.2 How stem provides support in plants?
Q.3 Name the tissues which provide support to the plants. Where are they located in the plants?
Q.4 What is the
s econdary growth? What causes the
secondary growth in plants? Describe the significance of the secondary growth. (Board 2015) 12416004
Q.5 Describe the
different types of movements in plants. (Board 2014) 12416005
Q.7 What is
skeleton? What are the different types of skeletons present in animals? Explain
each.
Q.8 What are the disadvantages of exoskeleton?
Q. 9 (a) Explain
some major functions of skeletal system. (Board 2016)
(b)
What is the composition of Endoskeleton?
Q.10 Write the
names of cranium and facial bones. Also draw and label human skull.
Q.11 Write the
arrangement of vertebrae in vertebral column?
Q.12 Describe the arrangement of bones in appendicular
skeleton. (Board 2016) 12416013
Q.13 What is a
joint? Give the classification of joints. 12416014
Q.14 What are the
different defects caused by skeleton? 12416015
Q.15 Write about the disc-slip, spondylosis, sciatica and arthritis? 12416016
Q.16 Write note
on the repair of bones. 12416017
Q.17 What are the
different main types of muscles? 12416018
Q.18 Describe the structure of skeletal muscle. 12416019
Q.19 What is the
mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction? Or 12416020
Give
a detailed note of sliding filament model. (Board 2015) 12416021
Q.20 How energy
is transferred for muscle contraction? 12416022
Q.21 What are
muscle fatigue, tetany and cramp? 12416023
Q.22 What is the
arrangement of muscle for skeletal movement? Give example of elbow joint. 12416024
Q.23 Describe locomotion in invertebrates like Euglena,
Paramecium, Amoeba, Jelly fish, Earthworm,
Cockroach, Snail and Star fish. 12416025
Q.24
Describe locomotion in vertebrates. 12416026
In vertebrates, skeletal muscles and skeleton help in
locomotion
Q.25 Describe locomotion in vertebrates.
Unit 17
COORDINATION AND CONTROL
Q. 1 What is
coordination? Why it is essential? 12417001
Q.2 Write a note
on coordination in plants. How does it differ from that of animals? 12417002
Q. 3 Write note
on the responses to environmental stresses in plants. 12417003
Q.4 What do you
know about defense against pathogens in plants? 12417004
Q. 5 What do
you know about biological clocks and circadian rhythms? 12417005
Q. 6 What are
Plant Hormones? What are their types? Describe their role in plant function.
Ans: PLANT HORMONES
Q.7 What are the different types of co-ordination in animals? How do animals bring about nervous system?
Q. 8 a) What are the elements of nervous system? (Board 2016
b) What
are receptors & what are their types? 12417009
Q.9 What is meant
by modality of sensation? How is it that different nerve fibers transmit
different modalities of sensation?
Q.10 (a) Describe the working of sensory receptors
with special reference to skin. 12417011
(b) What
is the pathway of Nerve Impulse? 12417012
Q.11 What are
neurons and neuroglia? Name three types of neurons. Explain the structure of a typical neuron.
Q.12 Write a
short note on Effectors.
Q.13 a) Explain the reflex arc and reflex
action.
b) Explain
the pain withdrawal reflex.
Q.14 a) What is nerve impulse? How it is produced
and what is its mechanism of conduction?
OR Define and explain the nerve impulse. (Board 2014)
b) Explain the concepts of resting
membrane potential and active membrane potential.
Q.15 a) Define synapse. What is its advantage? Or
How nerve impulse is passed from one neuron to another neuron? Explain.
b) What are Neurotransmitters? Give examples.
Q.16 Write a note
on evolution of nervous system in animals.
Q.17 Explain
nervous system in Hydra. (Board 2013)
Q.18 The nervous system of planaria is better developed
as compared with that of Hydra. Discuss
the statement by comparing both systems. (Board 2016) 12417024
Q.19 Give an outline of human nervous system.
Q.20 a) What is CNS? How is it protected?
b) Explain the structure and function of human brain.
Q.21 What is the
structure and function of Spinal Cord?
Q.22. Write note on peripheral system (PNS) of man?
Q.23 Describe some
nervous disorders of human nervous system.
Q.24. a) What is an Endocrine System? What are Hormones?
b) What is the chemical nature of Hormones?
Q.25 What are the main endocrine glands of man? Explain the role of Hypothalamus?
Q.26 Describe the
role of pituitary gland.
Q.27 Describe the role of thyroid and parathyroid gland.
Q.28 Describe the role of Islets of Langerhans (Pancreas).
Q.29 Write note
on adrenal glands. (Board
2015)
Q.30 What hormones are produced by gut and gonads? Describe the role of their Hormone.
Q.31 Define feedback mechanism. Explain it with examples.
Q.32 Compare the
nervous coordination and chemical coordination.
Q.33 What is
behaviour? What are different types of behaviors?
Q.34 What is
innate behaviour? What are its types?
Q.35 Explain the
Instinct and Learning behaviour in animals.
Q.36 What is learing behaviour? What are the different types of learnings?
Unit 18
REPRODUCTION
Q.l What is reproduction? What are the different
types of reproduction? 12418001
Q.2 a) How do plants reproduce asexually and
sexually? 12418002
b) Give the graphical Life Cycles of a Bryophyte, a Gymnosperm and an Angiosperm.
Q.3. Describe
the following phenomena in plants: 12418004
a) Parthenocarpy 12418005
b) Seed Dormancy 12418006
c) Fruit Set and Fruit Ripening. 12418007
Q.
4. What is Photoperiodism? How this
phenomenon was discovered? (Board 2005, 07) 12418008
Q.5 Classify the plants on the basis of
Photoperiodic requirements for flowering. 12418009
Q.6 What are
Phytochromes? Describe Some Phytochrome - controlled responses in plants. (Board 2005, 07) 12418010
Q.7 What are Phytochromes? What are their types?
What is their role in flowering? 12418011
Q.8 Define Vernalisation. Explain the role of
Vernalisation in Plants. (Board-2005) VERNALISATION: 12418012
Q.9 Describe Asexual reproduction in Animals. (Board-2007) 12418013
Q.
10 A) Sexual Reproduction has
advantages over asexual reproduction. Discuss it. 12418014
B) Explain the following terms.
- U nisexual Organisms
2.
Hermaphrodite
3.
Fertilization
4.
Internal
Fertilization
5.
External
Fertilization
6.
Oviparous Animals
7.
Viviparous Animals
8.
Ovoviviparous
Q.11 Describe the male reproductive system of
Human. 12418015
Q.12. Describe the female reproductive system in
human. (Board 2015) 12418016
Q.13
Describe the human female reproductive cycle? (Board 2005, 06, 07) 12418017
Q.14
Explain the process of birth in Human.
(Board-2006) 12418018
Q.15
What are test tube babies? (Board 2016) 12418019
Q.16
Describe about some sexual transmitted
diseases (STD) in human. 12418020
|
Unit |
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT |
|
19 |
Q.l What is
Development? 12419001
Q.2 Explain the
growth and Development in plants. 12419002
Q.3 What are the
types of Growth and its phases? (Board 2007,14) 12419003
Q. 4 What are
the Factors which affect the growth rates in plants. (Board
2006, 07) 12419004 The growth rate is influenced by number of factors both
external and internal.
- External
factors are temperature, light, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and
nutrition.
- Internal
factors are hormones, vitamins.
Q.5 What is
differentiation in plants? 12419005
Q.6. What is
growth Correlation Explain with Examples. 12419006
Q.7 Describe
the growth and development in animals. 12419007
Q.8 Describe
development of chick. (Board-2008) 12419008
Q.9 Describe the mechanism of development. 12419009
Q.10 Describe the
role of cytoplasm and nucleus in development. 12419010
Q.11 Describe
experiments of Spemann to explain concept of differentiation. 12419011
Q.12 Define and explain Aging. (Board 2005) OR 12419012
What is Aging? Describe its causes and
symptoms. (Board 2015,16) 12419013
Q.13 Define and
explain Regeneration. OR (Board 2016) 12419014
What is regeneration? Explain the process
of regeneration in animals. (Board
2013)
12419015
Q.14 Define and
explain abnormal development. (Board 2006) OR 12419016
Define
abnormal development. Explain different factors causing abnormalities. 12419017
(Board
2013,14)
|
Unit |
CHROMOSOMES & DNA |
|
20 |
Q.1 Explain all about the Chromosomes. 12420001
Q.2
How can this long DNA fibre coil so
tightly? 12420002
Q.3
Explain the chromosomal theory of
Inheritance. 12420003
Q.4 Explain that the DNA is the Hereditary
material with Examples. (Board 2007, 14) 12420004
Q.5. How did Hershey and Chase determine which component of bacterial
viruses contain the hereditary informations? (Board 2013) 12420005
Q.6 Explain the chemical nature of DNA. 12420006
Q.7
Explain the different models of DNA Replication. 12420007
Q8. How did Meselson and Stahl prove the
semi-conservative method of DNA replication?
(Board 2007, 14, 15) 12420008
Q.
9 Describe the process of DNA
replication. (Board
2016) 12420009
Q.10
Describe one-gene one-polypeptide hypothesis considering the work of 12420010
Q.11
How DNA encodes protein structure? 12420011
Q.12
How does cell use RNA to make protein? 12420012
Q.13
Define and explain transcription in
detail. (Board 2005, 08) 12420013
Q.14
What is genetic code? Describe its
characteristics. OR (Board 2005) 12420014
Write a note on genetic code. (Board 2014) 12420015
Q.15
Define and explain Translation. 12420016
Q.16
What is mutation? Describe briefly
different types of mutations. 12420017
|
Unit |
CELL
CYCLE |
|
21 |
Q.
1 What is Cell cycle? Describe its
phases. 12421001
Q.2 Define
mitosis. Explain in detail the Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis. Write the
importance of mitosis. (Board 2007) 12421002
Q.
3 What do you know about Cancer, its
types and spreading? 12421003
Q.
4 Explain about meiosis and its
importance. (Board 2014) 12421004
Q.5 What is Meiotic Error? Explain with
examples. 12421005
Q.
6 Explain about Necrosis and
Apoptosis. 12421006
|
Unit |
Variation
and Genetics |
|
22 |
Q.1
Why did Mendel choose the pea plant? 12422001
Q.2
Explain Mendel’s law of segregation. (Board 2005, 06,16) 12422002
Q.3
What is test cross and its
importance? 12422003
Q.4
Describe Law of independent
assortment. OR Dihybrid cross (Mendel’s II law)? (Board 2006, 08) 12422004
Q.5
Explain the dominance relationships
and its different types. 12422005
Q.6 Write note on multiple alleles. (Board 2005, 08, 14) 12422006
Q.7 Explain Rh Blood group System. 12422007
Q.8
Explain the phenomenon of epistasis and pleiotropy with examples. (Board 2005) EPISTASIS (Board 2013) 12422008
Q.9 Explain the polygenic inheritance or
continuous varying traits. 12422009
Q.10
Write note on gene linkage. 12422010
Q.11. Define and explain crossing over. (Board 2014) 12422011
Q.No.12.
Give an account of sex determination in animals. 12422012
Q.13 Give an account of different patterns of sex
determination in animals. (Board 2014)
DIFFERENT
PATTERNS OF SEX DETERMINATION: 12422013
Q.14 Give an account of sex determination in
plants. 12422014
Q.15
Give an account of sex linkage in Drosophila. 12422015
Q.16
Give an account of sex linkage in
Human. 12422016
Q.17 Discuss genetics of colour blindness. (Board 2014,16)
Q.18 Explain (i)
X-linked dominant trait 12422017
(ii) Y-linked inheritance 12422018
(iii) Sex limited trait 12422019
(iv) Sex influenced trait 12422020
Q.18 What is Diabetes mellitus its types and its
genetic basis? 12422021
|
Unit |
BIOTECHNOLOGY |
|
23 |
Q.1 What is biotechnology? Write a note on
biotechnology. 12423001
Q.2
Write down methods of recombinant DNA
technology for Gene cloning. (B-07) CLONING OF A GENE 12423002
Q.3
What is a genomic library, and how
would you locate a gene of interest in the library? (Board 2006, 07) 12423003
Q.4
What is the polymerase chain
reaction, and how is it carried out to produce multiple of copies of a DNA
segment? (Board 2006) 12423004
Q.5
Explain the steps involved in DNA
finger printing. How this method is helpful in detecting many cases? (Board 2006) 12423005
Q.6
Define and explain gene sequencing.
(B-2006-08) 12423006
Q.7
Write down about human genome project. 12423007
Q.No.8.
What are biotechnology
products? 12423008
Q.No.9.
How transgenic bacteria are used for biotechnology products? (B-2008)
TRANSGENIC BACTERIA: 12423009
Q.No.10.
Write note on transgenic plants. 12423010
Q.11
Write note on transgenic animals? How transgenic animals are cloned? 12423011
Q.12 What is gene therapy? Describe its methods
and uses. (Board 2006) 12423012
Q.No.13.
What is tissue culture? Describe
different methods of culturing plant tissues.
(Board 2007) 12423013
Q.14
How genes of plants can be altered by
Hybridization and Genetic engineering? 12423014
Q.15 Give an account of agricultural plants with
improved traits. 12423015
Q.16
What are the products produced by
transgenic plants? 12423016
|
Unit |
EVOLUTION |
|
24 |
Q.1
What is evolution and role of darwin? 12424001
Q. 2 Explain the concept of evolution
and special creation theory. 12424002
Q.3 Explain
the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes.
(Board 2014,16) 12424003
Q. 4 Explain the Lamarck’s theory of evolution and
ideas about origin of life.
(Board
2015) 12424004
Q.5
Explain the darwinism and theory of
natural selection. 12424005
OR
Analyze
the drawin's theory of natural selection as mechanism of evelution.(Board 2015) 12424006
Q.6 Explain the modern evolution synthesis theory. 12424007
Q.7
Explain the evidences in favour of evolution. 12424008
Q. 8 Explain gene pool allele and genotype
frequencies. 12424009
Q.9 Explain
the hardy weinberg law and gene frequency.
12424010
Q.10
Explain the different factors which
affect the gene frequency. 12424011
Q.11
Explain the endanger species in
pakistan. 12424012
|
Unit |
ECOSYSTEM |
|
25 |
Q.
1 Who interoduced term ecology? Define
the following terms. 12425001
1)
ecosystem
2) Population
3) Levels
of ecosystem
Q.
2 What are biomes? Write names of major terrestrial biomes. 12425002
Q.3
Write note on the followings. 12425003
1)
Biosphere
2) Habitat
3) Niche
Q.4
Differentiate between Autecology and
Synecology. 12425004
Q.5 Describe the
components of ecosystem. 12425005
Q. 6 Define and explain food chain and food web. 12425006
Q.7 Define
succession. Discuss major forms of succession on Land. 12425007
Q.8
Write note on 12425008
1) Predation
2) Parasitism
3) Symbiosis.
Q.9
Write a note on Grazing. (Board 2014) 12425009
Q.10.
What are biogeochemical cycles? Describe Nitrogen cycle. What is nitrogen
depletion and its remedies? 12425010
Q.
11 Write a note on energy flow in an
ecosystem. 12425011
|
Unit |
Some Major Ecosystems |
|
26 |
Q.1
Differentiate between climate and
weather. 12426001
Q.2 What
is aquatic or hydrospheric ecosystem? Describe its common features. 12426002
Q.3 Describe life in fresh water lakes. (Board
2014) 12426003
Q.4 Describe the intervention of man in aquatic
ecosystem. 12426004
Q.5
What is Terrestrial ecosystem? Describe
its characteristics and adaptations and name its major divisions. 12426005
Q.6
Give characteristics of temperate
deciduous forest in Pakistan. 12426006
Q.7
Describe coniferous alpine and Boreal
Forests. 12426007
Q.8
Describe the characteristics of
grassland ecosystem. 12426008
Q.9
Describe the characteristics of desert ecosystem. 12426009
Q.10
Describe the characteristics of tundra
ecosystem. 12426010
Q.11 Write a note on Humans and Ecosystems. 12426011
|
Unit |
Man and His Environment |
|
27 |
Q.1
How man is dependent on his environment? 12427001
Q.2.
What are different sources of environment? 12427002
Q.3
What is nutrient cycle? Why
environmental resources be used wisely? 12427003
Q.4 What
are renewable resources? Explain different types of renewable resources.
Renewable resources 12427004
Q.5. Write a note
on wild life. 12427005
Q.6
What do you know about energy resources?
Discuss major energy resources. 12427006
Q.7 Describe degradation and depletion of
resources. 12427007
Q.8
Write note on modification of
environment 12427008
Q.
9 Describe man’s impact on environment. 12427009
Q.10
What do you mean by deforestation,
re-forestation and aforestation?(Board 2014,16) 12427010
Q.11
What is pollution? Name different types
of pollutions? 12427011
Q.12 What is air or atmospheric pollution?
Explain the followings. 12427012
1)
Ozone layer depletion and its effects
2) Greenhouse effect
3)Acid rain
Q.13
What is water pollution. What are the
main sources of water pollution? 12427016
Define pollution. Describe the causes and effects of
water pollution. (Board 2015)
Q.14
Differentiate between health and
disease. Give a chart of classification and causes of diseases.
