Unit 1
BIOLOGY AND ITS MAJOR FIELDS
OF SPECIALIZATION
Subjective
Q.1 (a) Define Biology. 11401001
(b) What is life? Write down some
characteristics of living things.
Q.2 What are the main branches of biology? 11401002
Q.3 (a)
What are bioelements? 11401003
(b) Describe various levels of biological
organization.
Q.4 Write a
note on population and community organization. 11401004
Q.5 Write a note on distribution
of organisms in space (on earth). 11401005
Q.6 Write a note on the origin of living
organisms on this planet. 11401006
Q.7 What is phyletic lineage? Discuss briefly. 11401007
Q.8 What
is biological problem? Describe what methods are used to solve a biological problem. 11401008
Q.9 Describe
the role of biology in Food Production. 11401009
Q.10 Describe the role of biology in disease
control.
11401010
Q. 11. Describe the role of biology in protecting and
conservation of environment. 11401011
Q.12 What
is a clone? Write a note on cloning. 11401012
Unit 2
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
Subjective
Q.1 What
is biochemistry? What is its importance? 11402001
Q.
2 Compare the chemical composition of a
typical bacterial and a mammalian cell. 11402002
Q.3 Define
metabolism. How do catabolic and metabolic activities differ from each other? 11402003
Q.4 Discuss the importance of
carbon for all living organisms (Life). 11402004
Q.5 Explain the importance of water for Life. 11402005
Q.6 Write a brief note on carbohydrates. 11402006
Q.7 Give the
classification of carbohydrates. Write a brief note on monosaccharide.
11402007
Q.8
Write a short note on oligosaccharides. 11402008
Q.9
Write a note on polysaccharides. 11402009
Q.10 What are Lipids? What are different groups of
lipids? Write some functions of lipids. 11402010
Q.11 Explain the structure
of glycerol. What are fatty acids? How do saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
differ from each other? 11402011
Q.12 Write a note on the following: 11402012
1) Waxes 2) Phospholipids 3) Terpenoids
Q.13 What are proteins? Discuss briefly the
functions of proteins. 11402013
Q.14 Write a short note on Amino Acids. 11402014
Q.15 Discuss in detail
the levels of organization of proteins. 11402015
OR Describe the structure of proteins in detail.
Q.16 Give the classification of proteins. 11402016
Q.17 Write a note on Nucleic
acid. 11402017
Q.18-
Write a note on DNA. 11402018
Q.19 Describe
briefly the contribution of the following scientists 11402019
1) Erwin Chargaff
2) Wilkins and Franklin
3) James D. Watson and Francis Crick
Q.20 Show that amount of DNA is fixed in particular species. 11402020
Q.21 What are different types of RNAs? 11402021
Q. 22 What are
conjugated molecules and their importance? 11402022
Q.23 Differentiate between DNA & RNA. 11402023
Unit 3
ENZYMES
Subjective
Q.1 (a) What are enzymes? What is their chemical
composition and location? 11403001
(b)
What do you know about the following?
i- Co-factors ii-
Prosthetic group iii-
Co-enzyme
iv- Apoenzyme v-
Holoenzyme
Q.2 Explain the characteristics
of enzymes. 11403002
Q.3 Explain
the mechanism of enzyme action. What are the different models of enzyme
actions? 11403003
Q.4
Discuss the different factors which affect the rate of enzyme action. 11403004
Q.5 Write a note on Inhibitors. 11403005
THE CELL
Unit 4
Subjective
[
Q.1 Define
a cell. 11404001
Q.2 Describe
the discovery of cell and emergence of cell theory. 11404002
Q.3 Explain the magnification
and importance of microscope. 11404003
Q.4 Define cell
theory. Who presented the cell theory? Write down its salient
features. 11404004
Q.5 Explain that cell is a structural and
functional unit of all organisms. 11404005
Q.6 How was the structure of a generalized cell studied? 11404006
Q.7 Explain the structure of a typical cell. 11404007
Q.8 Describe the structure
and function of cell membrane. 11404008
Q.9 Explain the structure and function of
cell wall. 11404009
Q.10 Describe the structure and functions of
cytoplasm. 11404010
Q.11 Discuss the structure and functions of
Endoplasmic Reticulum. 11404011
Q.12 Write a note on ribosomes. 11404012
Q.13 Describe the structure and functions of
Golgi body in cell. 11404013
Q.14 Explain the structure and functions of
Lysosome. 11404014
Q.15 What are peroxisomes and their role in the cell? 11404015
Q.16 Explain the importance of Glyoxysome in the plants. 11404016
Q.17 Write a note on vacuoles present in a cell. 11404017
Q.18 Write a note on cytoskeleton. 11404018
Q.19 What is the structure and function of
centriole? 11404019
Q.20 Describe the structure and functions of
Mitochondria. 11404020
Q.21 What are
plastids? What are different types of plastids? Write a note on chloroplasts. 11404021
Q.22 Discuss the structure and functions of nucleus. 11404022
Q.23 How do the
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ from each other? 11404023
Unit 5
THE
VARIETY OF LIFE
Subjective
Q.1 What is taxonomy? Describe
classification, need of classification and basis of classification. 11405001
Q.2 Give names and definitions of various
taxonomic categories or units of classification. 11405002
Q.3 Give the biological
classification of corn. 11405003
Q.4 Write a note on Binomial Nomenclature. 11405004
Q.5 Discuss various groups of classification. 11405005
Q.6 Define virus.
What is virology? 11405006
Q.7
Describe the discovery of virus and bacteriophage. 11405007
Q.8 Give the
characteristics of viruses. 11405008
Q.9 Discuss the structure of viruses. 11405009
Q.10 What are prions and viroid? Describe various
shapes of viruses. 11405010
Q.11 Describe the structural form of
bacteriophages. 11405011
Q.12 Describe the structure and life cycle of
bacteriophage. 11405012
Q.13 Give the classification of viruses. 11405013
Q.14 Discuss some important human viral diseases. 11405014
Q.15 Write a note on Retroviruses. What is AIDS?
Discuss the life cycle of HIV. 11405015
Q.16 What is
hepatitis? Describe different types of hepatitis. 11405016
Unit 6
KINGDOM PROKARYOTAE
Subjective
Q.1 What is meant by prokaryote? Differentiate
between Archaeobacteria and Eubacteria. 11406001
Q.2 Discuss the discovery of bacteria. 11406002
Q.3 Who formulated the germ theory of diseases? 11406003
What are the postulates of germ theory of
disease?
Q. 4 Where do
bacteria generally occur? 11406004
Q.5 What is the structure and size of bacteria? 11406005
Q.6 Discuss the various shapes of bacteria? OR 11406006
Classify the bacteria on
the basis of Shapes.
Q.7 Discuss
the following structures of bacteria in detail. 11406007
(1)
Flagella (2)
Pili (3)
The Envelope
(4)
Cell membrane (5)
Cytoplasmic Matrix (6)
Nucleoid
(7)
Plasmid (8)
Ribosomes (9)
Mesosome
(10)
Granules and storage bodies (11)
Spores and cysts
Q.8 Write an
account of Nutrition in bacteria. 11406008
Q. 9 Write a note
on respiration in bacteria. 11406009
Q.10
Describe briefly about the growth and reproduction in bacteria. 11406010
Q.11 Discuss the importance of bacteria in
detail. 11406011
Q.12 Describe different methods used for
controlling bacteria.
11406012
Q.13 What are antibiotics? Discuss their uses and
misuses. 11406013
Q.14 Explain the characteristics of Cyanobacteria. 11406014
Q.15 Describe the economic importance of
Cyanobacteria. 11406015
Q.16 Discuss the structure and reproduction of Nostoc. 11406016
Unit 7
THE KINGDOM PROTISTA
Subjective
Q.1 Discuss
the important features of protists. Why are protists difficult to classify?
Write their major groups. 11407001
Q.2.
Discuss historical perspective of kingdom Protista. 11407002
Q.3 Why do most biologists regard protists as
polyphyletic group of organisms? 11407003
Q.4 Summarize
various groups of Protozoa, the animal like protists with the help of table.
Q.5 Describe
briefly major groups of animal-like protists. 11407005
Q.6 Write a
note on apicomplexans. 11407006
Q.7 Discuss
general characteristics of Algae. 11407007
Q.8 Give classification of the photosynthetic
protists (Algae) OR 11407008
Classify
the Algae into phyla? Also give examples.
Q.9 Discuss briefly the different groups of algae. 11407009
Q.10 Green
algae are considered ancestral organisms of green land plants. Discuss. 11407010
Q.11 Describe the importance of Algae. 11407011
Q.12 Give an account of fungus-like protists.
Unit 8
FUNGI (The Kingdom of Recyclers)
Subjective
Q.1 What types of organisms are included in kingdom fungi?
Describe their taxonomic status. OR 11408001
What are fungi? Why are they placed in separate kingdom? What
do you know about their habitat and resistance?
Q.2 Describe
the body structure of fungi. 11408002
Q.3 Describe
nutrition in fungi. Also mention their habitat. 11408003
Q.4 Describe reproduction in
fungi. 11408004
Q.5 Describe
classification of fungi. 11408005
Q.6
Write the major features of Zygomycota? OR 11408006
Draw and
explain the life cycle of Rhizopus.
Q.7 a)
Write major features of ascomycota. 11408007
b)
Write a note on yeasts.
Q.8 Write the major
features of Basidiomycota. 11408008
Q.9 Write note on Rust and Smut fungi. 11408009
Q.10 a) Describe the important features of Deuteromycota. 11408010
b) Write a
note on Penicillium.
Q.11 Describe the various adaptations found in
fungi for life on land. 11408011
Q.12 Discuss the importance of Fungi. 11408012
Unit 9
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Subjective
Q. 1 What is phylogenetic system of
classification? What types of organisms are placed in Plantae? 11409001
Q.2 Give
classification of Kingdom Plantae. 11409002
Q.3.
Describe general characteristics of
Bryophyta. 11409003
Q.4. What is alternation of generation? Give its
significance. 11409004
Q.5 Discuss the
structural adaptations which have enabled the non-vascular plants to live on
land. 11409005
Q.6 Give the
classification of division Bryophyta. 11409006
Q.7 Describe the
characteristics of sub-division Hepaticopsida. 11409007
Q.8 Describe the
characteristics of sub-division Bryopsida. 11409008
Q.9 Describe the
characteristics of Sub-division Anthoceropsida. 11409009
Q.10
What are Tracheophytes? What are
their characters which enable the vascular in general and flowering plants in
particular predominant flora of land? 11409010
Q.11 Give the classification of
Division Tracheophyta. 11409011
What
are the characteristics of sub-Division Psilopsida?
Q.12 Explain
the evolution of leaf in vascular plants.
11409012
Q.13 Describe characteristic
features of Lycopsida. 11409013
Q.14 Describe the characteristics of sub- division Sphenopsida. 11409014
Q.15
Give classification of Pteropsida. What
are the features of class filicineae? 11409015
Q.16 Describe the life cycle of Adiantum in detail. (Board
–2009) 11409016
Q.17 What are spermatophytes? When did and how seed evolve in vascular
plants? 11409017
Q.18 What are gymnosperms? Give the
characteristics of Gymnosperms. 11409018
Q. 19. Describe the life cycle of Pinus
in detail. 11409019
Q.20 What
are Angiosperms? Describe the life cycle of Angiosperm in detail. 11409020
Q.21 Give the classification of
class angiospermae. 11409021
Q.22 Give the
general characters and economic importance of Family Rosaceae. 11409022
Q.23 Give the general
characters and economic importance of family solanaceae. 11409023
Q.24 Give the general characters and economic importance of Family
Fabaceae. 11409024
Q.25 Give
the general characters and economic importance of Family Caesalpiniaceae.
11409025
Q.26 Give the general characters and economic
importance of Family Mimosaceae.
11409026
Q.27 Give the general
characters and economic importance of family Poaceae.
Unit 10
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Subjective
Q.1
a) What is kingdom animalia?
What types of organisms are placed in this kingdom? b)
What is the possibility of evolution of animals from Protoctista? 11410001
Q.2 Discuss the development of complexity in animals. 11410002
Q.3 a)
Differentiate between the series Proterostomia and Deuteromia. 11410003
b)
What do you understand by Spiral/Determinate cleavage and Radial /
Indeterminate cleavage?
Q.4 Write a
note on diploblastic and triploblastic organization. 11410004
Q.5
Write a note on acoelomates,
pseudocoelomates and coelomates. 11410005
Q.6 Give a detailed account of Parazoa. 11410006
Q.7 Give a
detailed account of grade radiata with special reference to phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata). 11410007
Q.8 Write a note on coral reefs. 11410008
Q.9 Describe
the general characteristics of phylum platyhelminthes. 11410009
Q.10 How do
Platyhelminthes adapt themselves to Parasitic mode of life? 11410010
Q.11 Explain the terms infestation and
disinfestations with special reference to tapeworm.
11410011
Q.12 Give a detailed account of Pseudocoelomates.
OR Describe the general characteristics and importance of Aschelminthes. 11410012
Q.13 Describe the general
characteristics of phylum annelida. 11410013
Q.14 Classify the phylum annelida. 11410014
Q.15 Write the general characteristics of phylum
arthropoda. 11410015
Q.16 Classify the phylum arthropoda. 11410016
Q.17 Discuss
general organization of Arthropods. 11410017
Q.18 Describe the economic importance of insects. 11410018
Q.19 Describe the general characteristics of Molluscus. 11410019
Q.20 Classify the phylum Mollusca. 11410020
Q.21 Give economic
importance of mollusca. 11410021
Q.22 Write the general
characteristics of phylum echinodermata. 11410022
Q.23 Describe the affinities of
echinoderms with other groups of animals. 11410023
Q.24 What are Hemichordates? List their general characters. 11410024
Q.25 Characterize and
classify the phylum chordata. 11410025
Q.26 Characterize and classify the superclass Pisces. 11410026
Q.27 What different adaptations are found in fishes for aquatic mode of
Life? 11410027
Q.28
a) What are the differences between water and land habitats? 11410028
b) Explain transition from aquatic to
land environment.
Q.29 What are first land vertebrates? What changes
do occur in these animals during their transition from water to land? OR 11410029
Amphibians are on the border line between aquatic
and true terrestrial animals. Discuss.
Q.30
What are tetrapods? What are their classes? Write the main characters of
amphibians.
11410030
Q.31 Describe the characteristic features of class reptilia. 11410031
Q.32 Write a
note on Evolution of Birds. 11410032
Q.33 Describe the general characters of class aves (Birds). 11410033
Q.34 Write
a note on evolution of mammals. 11410034
Q.35
Describe the general characters of mammals. 11410035
Q.36 Classify the mammals. Write salient features of each sub-class.
Unit 11
BIOENERGETICS
Subjective
Q.1 What is
meant by bioenergetics? What is the source of energy? Discuss the role of
photosynthesis and respiration in bioenergetics. 11411001
Q.2 Define photosynthesis? Discuss the reactants and
products of photosynthesis with special reference to compensation point? 11411002
Q.3 Write the importance of water in the photosynthesis. 11411003
Q.4
Explain the structure
and function of chloroplasts as sites of photosynthesis in plants. 11411004
Q.5 a) What
do you know about spectrometer and absorption spectrum? 11411005
b) Give a detailed account of photosynthetic
pigments.
Q.6 Discuss the role of light as driving energy in
photosynthesis. 11411006
Q.7 Describe the role of carbon dioxide as a photosynthetic reactant. 11411007
Q.8
Describe the reactions of photosynthesis. 11411008
Q.9 Give a detailed account
of light dependent reactions. 11411009
Q. 10. Describe the non-cyclic phosphorylation. 11411010
Q.11. Describe
the cyclic phosphorylation in detail. 11411011
Q.12. Explain
the process of Chemiosmosis. 11411012
Q.13 Give
a detailed account of light independent reactions (Dark reactions). OR How is
CO2 fixed and reduced to sugar? OR Describe the Calvin cycle. 11411013
Q.14
What is respiration? What is meant
by external respiration? Also differentiate between Aerobic and Anaerobic
respiration. 11411014
Q.15. Define fermentation. Explain its types. OR 11411015
How
does anaerobic respiration result in the production of Alcohol or Lactic acid?
Q.16 a) Explain the role of
mitochondria in respiration. 11411016
b) What is adenosine triphosphate? What is its
importance?
c) Write a short note on biological oxidation.
Q.17 What are various steps or
phases of cellular respiration? 11411017
Q.18 Give a detailed account of
Glycolysis. 11411018
Q.19 Describe the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle in detail. 11411019
Q.20 Write a note on respiratory Chain.
Unit 12
Nutrition
Subjective
Q.1 What is nutrition and its types? 11412001
Q.2 Explain
the different types of nutrition & its effect on Plant. 11412002
Q.3 Explain different types of nutrition in
animals. 11412003
Q.4 What
is Digestion? Why is it necessary? 11412004
Q.5 Explain the processes of Holozoic nutrition. 11412005
Q.6 Explain the Digestion in Amoeba. 11412006
Q.7 Explain Digestion in Hydra. 11412007
Q.8 Explain Digestion in Planaria. 11412008
Q.9 Explain
Digestion in Cockroach. 11412009
Q.10 What is the pathway of digestive system, and
digestive glands in man? 11412010
Q.11 Explain
the Digestion in Oral or Buccal Cavity of Man. OR 11412011
Write down the structure and
function of oral cavity in Man.
Q.12 What do
you know about peristalsis, antiperistalsis and hunger pang? 11412012
Q.13 Explain
the digestion in stomach in man. 11412013
Q.14 Explain the digestion and absorption in small
intestine. 11412014
Q.15 Explain
the absorption in small intestine. 11412015
Q.16 Explain
portions and role of large intestine. 11412016
Q.17 Explain some common diseases due to
Nutrition. 11412017
Unit 13
Gaseous Exchange
Subjective
Q.1 Why is respiratory gas exchange needed? 11413001
Q.2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
gas exchange in air and in water?
11413002
Q.3 Describe gaseous exchange in plants. 11413003
Q.4 Define
photorespiration. What are its consequences? 11413004
Q.5 What
are the properties of a respiratory surface? 11413005
Q.6 Describe
the process of respiration in Hydra. OR
How does gaseous exchange
occur in Hydra? 11413006
Q.7 Describe the process of
respiration in earthworm. OR
How does gaseous exchange
occur in earthworm? 11413007
Q.8 Explain process of respiration in cockroach. OR
Describe breathing in
cockroach. 11413008
Q.9 Describe respiration
in fish. OR
Discuss the role of gills in exchange of gases. 11413009
Q.10 Discuss briefly the process of respiration
in frog. OR 11413010
Describe briefly the respiratory system of
frog.
Q.11 Explain
the respiratory system of birds. OR 11413011
Describe respiration in birds.
Q.12 What are
the components of respiratory system of Man? 11413012
Describe the role of various respiratory organs. OR
Give a detailed account of air passage ways.
Q.13 Describe
mechanics of voluntary and involuntary regulation of breathing in man. OR
11413013
Define breathing. Explain mechanism of
breathing in man.
Q.14 Write
a brief note on respiratory distress syndrome. 11413014
Q.15 What
factors do affect gaseous exchange in lungs? 11413015
Q.16 Explain the transport of oxygen in man. OR Describe the role of
haemoglobin in transport of oxygen in man. 11413016
Q.17 Explain the transport of carbon dioxide in
man. 11413017
Q.18 a) What is the concentration of carbon
dioxide in arterial and venous blood? 11413018
b) How does a scuba diver breathe in sea?
c) How does reduce partial pressure of
oxygen play a role in shock?
Q.19
Explain the following respiratory disorders: 11413019
(a) Cancer
(b) Tuberculosis (c) Asthma (d) Emphysema
Q.20 Explain the following: 11413020
a) Role
of respiratory pigments b) Diving
reflex c) Lung
Capacities
Unit 14
Transport
Subjective
Q.1 Define transport. What is
its need in organisms? 11414001
Q.2 How are water and minerals
transported in plants? 11414002
Q.3 Define and explain water potential, osmotic Potential and Pressure
potential. 11414003
What is the relationship between plasmolysis and
pressure potential?
Q.4 What is
meant by ascent of sap? Discuss different theories involved in ascent of sap.
11414004
Q.5 Define
transpiration. What are different types of transpiration? 11414005
Q.6 Explain the mechanism of
opening and closing of stomata. 11414006
Q.7 Discuss
the different factors which affect the rate of transpiration. 11414007
Q.8 Why is transpiration
considered as necessary evil? 11414008
Q.9 Describe transport of food
materials from leaves to other parts of plants. 11414009
OR
Describe
translocation of organic solutes in plant.
Q.10 How
does transportation occur in unicellular animals. 11414010
Q.11 Describe transportation of material in Hydra. 11414011
Q.12 Describe transportation of material in Planaria. 11414012
Q.13 Define the open and closed circulatory systems. Compare circulatory
system of Grasshopper with Earthworm. 11414013
Q.14 What are the major components
of vertebrate blood circulatory system? 11414014
Q.15 Describe the evolution of vertebrate heart.
11414015
Q.16 Give a detailed account of composition and functions of human blood. 11414016
Q.17 Discuss some disorders relating to blood. 11414017
Q.18 Describe the structure of
human Heart or pumping organ of man. Explain the arterial and venous pathway of
blood. 11414018
Q.19 Describe different phases of cardiac cycle. 11414019
Q.20 Write a note on the following: 11414020
1) Mechanism of heart excitation and contraction.
2) Electrocardiogram 3) Artificial Pacemaker 4) Blue
Babies
Q.21 Give a detailed account of
blood vessels such as Arteries, Veins and capillaries. 11414021
Q.22 Write a note on the
followings: 11414022
A)
Atherosclerosis
B)
Rate of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure
C)
Hypertension
D)
Thrombus Formation and Hypertension
E)
Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
F)
Stroke (Cerebral infarction)
G)
Hemorrhage
Q.23 Write a note on the Lymphatic
system of man. 11414023
Q.24 Write a note on Immunity and
its types. 11414024
