UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

Q1. Define Science? 09401001

Q2. Why was the scientific knowledge classified into different branches? 09401002

Q3. What was told by Dr. Abdul Salam about scientific knowledge? 09401003

Q4. What is biology? Describe major divisions of biology. 09401004

Q5. Define different branches of biology. (Board-2014, 2016) 09401005

Q6 Define parasites? 09401006

Q7. Enlist the major biological issues today? 09401007

Q8. Describe the relationship of biology to other sciences. / How is biology related to other sciences? (Board – 2014) 09401008

Q9. Briefly describe the careers in biology. (Board 2015) 09401009

Q10. Explain the Islamic concept about origin of life. ( Board 2011) 09401010

Q11. Describe the contribution of different Muslim scientists in the field of Biology. 09401011

Q12. Describe separate and comparative description of all the levels of biological organization.

09401012

Q13. Give comparison in cellular, colonial and multicellular organization. 09401013

Q.14: Define species? 09401014

Q.15: What is habitat? 09401015

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Members of the same species living in the same place at the same time make a; 09401016

(a) Habitat (b) Biosphere

2. If a scientist is studying the methods of inserting human insulin gene in bacteria, which branch of biology may this be? 09401017

(a) Anatomy (b) Physiology

3. Which one will be the correct sequence of the levels of organization of life? 09401018

(a) Cell, organelle, molecule, organ,

tissue, organ system, individual

(b) Molecule, tissue, organelle, cell, organ

system, organ, individual

organ system, individual

(d) Organ system, organ, tissue, cell,

molecule, organelle, individual

4. Which of these major bioelements has the highest percentage in protoplasm? 09401019

(a) Carbon (b) Hydrogen

5. Which of the following group include organisms all of which are absorptive in their nutrition? 09401020

(a) Protists (b) Animals

6. Similar cells organized into groups and performing same functions, are known as:

(a) Organelle (b) Tissue 09401021

7. Which of these tissues also makes the glandular tissue in animals? 09401022

(a) Epithelial tissue (b) Muscular tissue

8. The level of organization that is less definite in plants is: 09401023

(a) Tissue level

(b) Organ level

(d) Individual level

9. What is true about Volvox? 09401024

(a) Unicellular prokaryote

(b) Unicellular eukaryote

10. When we study the feeding relations among different animal species of a forest, at what level of organization we are studying? 09401025

(a) Individual (b) Population

11. Knowledge which is the common heritage of mankind; 09401026

(a) Scientific (b) Islamic

12. The example of colonial organism is;

(a) Amoeba (b) Volvox 09401027

13. Example of micromolecule is;

(a) Starch (b) Protein 09401028

14. Microscopic study of tissues is called ;

(a) Physiology (Board 2016) 09401029

(b) Morphology

15. Major biological issues today is: 09401030

(a) Infectious diseases

(b) Human population growth

(d) All of these

16. Profession in which diagnosis and treatment of diseases occur is; 09401031

(a) Medicine (b) Surgery

17. Study of insects is called: 09401032

(a) Immunology (b) Entomology

18. Percentage of water in the protoplasm of living things is: 09401033

(a) 30-40% (b) 40-50%

19. The number of bioelements is; 09401034

(a) 92 (b) 6

20. Nitrogen which make body mass of a living organism is; 09401035

(a) 2% (b) 3%

21. Example of supporting tissues in animals is; 09401036

(a) Nervous (b) Epithelial

22. The author of “Al-Qanun-fial-Tib” is:

(a) Jabir Bin Hayan 09401037

(b) Abdul Malik Asmai

(d) Dr. Abdul Salam

23. All of the following are unicellular organisms EXCEPT; 09401038

(a) Amoeba (b) Paramecium

24. Non-vegetative organs of plant are; 09401039

(a) Roots (b) Stems

25. Scientific name of frog is: 09401040

(a) Rana tigrina

(b) Rosa indica

(d) Brassica campestris

26. Forest community is an example of:

(a) Simple community 09401041

(b) Complex community

(d) Biosphere

27. The study of internal structure of organisms is called: 09401042

(a) Anatomy (b) Histology

28. As a bioelement, the percentage of carbon is: 09401043

(a) 18% (b) 19%

29. Biology is a word derived from:

(a) Latin (b) Arabic 09401044

30. The reproductive part of plant is:

(Board 2015) 09401045

(a) Stem (b) Leaves
(c) Root (d) Flower

31. Stomach is an example of: 09401046

(a) Tissue level

(b) Organ level
(c) Organ system level

(d) Cell level

32. As a bioelement, the percentage of calcium is: (a) 01% (b) 02% 09401047

33. As a bioelement, the percentage of hydrogen is: 09401048

(a) 5% (b) 10%

34. The study of plants is called: 09401049

(a) Biology (b) Zoology

35. Particles of atom represent: 09401050

(a) Atomic Level (b) Molecular Level

36. The study of occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the world is called; 09401051

(a) Histology (b) Microbiology

37. Match anatomy with one of the following:

(a) Physiology 09401052

(b) Morphology

(d) Genetics

38. The communal life is studied in: 09401053

(a) Social Biology (b) Human Biology

39. The most important process at individual

level is: 09401054

(a) Digestion (b) Reproduction

40. Bu Ali Sina was a: 09401055

(a) Physician

(b) Philosopher

(d) Mathematician

41. Biological organization means: 09401056

(a) Study of different organisms

(b) Study of different branches of

biology

(d) Study of biology at different levels

42. Bioelements are those elements which:

09401057

(a) Present in non-living organisms

(b) Make 80% mass of living organism

(d) Only used in chemical laboratories

43. A prokaryotic cell; 09401058

(a) Comprised of nucleus

(b) Without nucleus and DNA

(d) Membrane-bound organelles

44. In 2010, human population in Pakistan

comprised: 09401059

(a) 193.5 Million (b) 200 Million

45. “We made every living thing from water”.

This verse is from which sura of Holy Quran? 09401060

(a) Al-Rehman (b) Al-Mominoon

46. Paramecium is an example of: 09401061

(a) Unicellular organism

(b) Multicellular organism

(d) Prokaryote

47. The study in which observations are made, experiments are done and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature is called: 09401062

(a) Biology (b) Physics

48. Biology is the scientific study of: 09401063

(a) Earth (b) Water

49. Division of biology deals with the study of plants is called: 09401064

(a) Zoology (b) Botany

50. The branch which deals with the study of form and structure of living organisms is called: 09401065

(a) Cell biology (b) Physiology

51. The branch which deals with the study of cell division is called: 09401066

(a) Physiology (b) Histology

52. The branch which deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment is called: 09401067

(a) Biotechnology

(b) Molecular biology

(d) Environmental biology

53. The number of elements that occur in nature are: 09401068

(a) 90 (b) 91

54. The latest profession in the field of biology is: 09401069

(a) Entomology

(b) Bioeconomics

(d) Medicine

55. The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called: (Board 2013) 09401070

(a) Taxonomy (b) Pharmacology

56. Book which is known as the canon of medicine in the West: 09401071

(a) Al-Wahoosh

(b) Al-Qanun-fial-Tib

(d) Al-Khail

57. Bu Ali Sina is famous in Europe as: 09401072

(a) Philosopher (b) Avicenna

58. The element that makes 65% of the total mass of living organisms is; 09401073

(a) Hydrogen (b) Carbon

59. Major divisions of biology are; 09401074

(a) 3 (b) 2

60. Jabir Bin Hayan was born in; (Board-2014,16) 09401075

(a) Iraq (b) Iran

61. First Muslim scientist who studied animal in detail was; 09401076

(a) Jabir Bin Hayan

(b) Bu Ali Sina

(d) Alrazi

62. The famous book “Al-Abil” is written by: (Board-2014) 09401077

(a) Jabir Bin Hayan

(b) Abdul Malik Asmai

(d) Darwin

63. Study of fossils is called: (Board–2014)

(a) Immunology 09401078

(b) Pharmacology

(d) Parasitology

64. Amoeba is a/an; 09401079

(a) Autotroph (b) Heterotroph

65. Members of the same species living in the same time make level: (Board 2015) 09401080

(a) Population (b) Habitat

66. Bioelements present in the highest percentage in protoplasm is:(Board 2015) 09401081

(a) Carbon (b) Hydrogen

67. Division of Biology is: 09401082

(a) Genetics (b) Cell biology

68. Areas where living organisms interact with the non-living components of the environment:

(a) Ecosystems (b) Earth 09401083

69. In order to get food and shelter parasites live on the body of: 09401084

(a) Animals (b) Mosquito

70. Scientific study of living organisms is called: (Board 2016) 09401085

(a) Biotechnology (b) Chemistry

71. The founder of medicine is: (Board 2016)

09401086

(a) Jabir Bin Hayan (b) Abdul Malik

Short Answers Questions

Q.1. Describe the profession of agriculture. 09401087

Q.2. Define anatomy. (Board 2015)09401088

Q.3. What is animal husbandry? 09401089

Q.4.Define molecular biology or biochemistry.

(Board 2012, 2014) 09401090

Q.5.What do you know about bio-economics?

09401091

Q.6. What are bioelements? 09401092

Q.7. Define biogeography. 09401093

Q.8. Define biology. What are its major divisions? 09401094

Q.9. Define biomathematics. 09401095

Q.10. What do you mean by biomoleeules? (Board 2016) 09401096

Q.11. Define biophysics. (Board 2012) 09401097

Q.12. What is biotechnology? Elaborate its usefulness. (Board 2013, 14,16) 09401098

Q.13. Define botany and zoology. / Differentiate between zoology and botany.

(Board 2013, 15) 09401099

Q.14. What is cell? 09401100

Q.15. Define cell biology. 09401101

Q.16. What do you mean by colony? Give an example. / What is colonial organization? (Board 2013) 09401102

Q.17. What is community? Give an example. (Board 2011) 09401103

Q.18. Define embryology. 09401104

Q.19. Define entomology. 09401105

Q.20. Define environmental biology. 09401106

Q.21. What do you know about farming? 09401107

Q.22. What is fisheries? 09401108

Q.23. What is forestry? 09401109

Q.24. Define fossils. 09401110

Q.25. Define Genetics. 09401111

Q.26. Define histology. 09401112

Q.27. What do you know about horticulture? (Board 2013) 09401113

Q.28. Define Immunology. 09401114

Q.29. Define is inheritance. 09401115

Q.30. Define macromolecules. Give examples. (Board – 2014) 09401116

Q.31. Define microbiology. 09401117

Q.32. Define micromolecules. Give examples. 09401118

Q.33. What are microorganisms? 09401119

Q.34. What is morphology? (Board 2015) /

Differentiate between morphology and anatomy. 09401120

Q.35. Define organ. Give examples.

(Board – 2014) 09401121

Q.36.What is organ system? Give examples.

(Board – 2014) 09401122

Q.37. Define organelles with examples. 09401123

Q.38. Define Palaeontology. (Board 2011) 09401124

Q.39. What are Parasites? Give an example. (Board 2015) 09401125

Q.40. Define Parasitology. (Board 2011) 09401126

Q.41. What do you know about Pharmacology? 09401127

Q.42. Define Physiology. 09401128

Q.43. Define Population. Give examples. 09401129

Q.44. What are two basic types of cells? 09401130

Q.45. Write the names of famous writings of Abdul Malik Asmai. 09401131

Q.46. Define Science. 09401132

Q.47. Define Socio-biology. 09401133

Q.48. Describe the process of Surgery. 09401134

Q.49. Define taxonomy. (Board 2012) 09401135

Q.50. Define Tissue. Give examples. 09401136

Q.51. What do you know about Volvox? 09401137

Q.52 Name any four careers in biology. (Board 2013) 09401138

Q.53 Define habitat and species. 09401139

Q.54 What is biochemistry?

(Board 2014) 09401140

Q.55 Describe two scientific contributions of Bu Ali Sina. (Board 2014,16) 09401141

Q.56 What are the major biological issues today? 09401142

Q.57 How does biotechnology help mankind? (Board 2015) 09401143

Q.58. What is the difference between colonial organization and multi cellular organization? 09401144

Q.59. The Holy Quran supports the modern concept of classification. Justify with a verse. OR

The Holy Quran gives us the concept of classification. Justify. 09401145

Q.60. How are anatomy and morphology different? 09401146

Q.61. Give some benefits of Horticulture.

09401147

Q.62. What are “Interdisciplinary Sciences”? 09401148

UNIT 2

Solving A Biological

Problem

Q.1. Define biological method. Explain its various steps involved in this method. 09402001

Q.2. Explain biological method with an example of malaria. 09402002

Q.3. How does Plasmodium get into human body? Explain. 09402003

Q.4. Explain the importance of data organization and data analysis in biological method.

09402004

Q.5. Mathematics is an integral part of scientific process. Explain briefly. 09402005

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which one of the following is correct sequence in biological method? 09402006

(a) Observations, Hypothesis, Law, Theory

(b) Hypothesis, Observations, Deduction, Experimentation

(d) Law, Theory, Deduction, Observation

2. Which one of these is not a characteristic of a hypothesis? (Board 2015) 09402007

(a) Must be consistent with all available data

(b) Must be testable

3. At which point, is a biologist most likely to use reasoning? 09402008

(a) While taking observations

(b) During hypothesis formulation

(d) None of the above

4. A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable means that: 09402009

(a) Some observations could prove that hypothesis is incorrect

(b) Only a controlled experiment can indicate whether the hypothesis is correct or incorrect

(d) The opposite of hypothesis is tested and proven wrong

5. What would be the best experimental design for testing a hypothesis that bean plants require sodium? 09402010

(a) Measure the amount of sodium in a few bean plants

(b) Grow bean plants with and without sodium

(d) Analyze root contents for sodium

6. A gardener sees a large snake nearby. He knows that generally snakes sting, so the gardener ran away. The gardener did which of the following? 09402011

(a) Used reasoning

(b) Used observation

(d) Tested a hypothesis

7. A scientific theory has which of the following properties? 09402012

(a) It agrees with the available evidence

(b) It cannot be rejected

(d) It does not need to be altered in the light of new evidence

8. Experimentation is only a step of the scientific process but it is very important step because it always: 09402013

(a) Gives the biologist a correct result

(b) Allows rejection of some alternative hypotheses

(d) Gives scientists a chance to work in the laboratory

9. You are testing a hypothesis; “students learn more if they drink tea before sitting for study”. Your 20 experimental students drink tea before study; you test their learning by giving question. Your 20 students of the control group should have all experimental conditions identical to the experimental group EXCEPT that; 09402014

(a) They should take tea with more milk and sugar

(b) They should take tea before as well as during study

(d) After taking tea, they should not sit for study

10. A physician A. F. A. King listed 20 observations in; 09402015

(a) 1882 A.D (b) 1883 A.D

11. The scientist who observed Plasmodium first time in human blood is: 09402016

(a) Aristotle (b) Bu-Ali-Sina

12. Mosquito which spread malaria in birds is:

(a) Anopheles (Board 2016) 09402017

(b) Culex

(d) Aedes

13. Five senses are involved in: 09402018

(a) Hypothesis (b) Observations

14. Logical consequence of hypothesis is:

09402019

(a) Experiment (b) Deduction

15. Quantitative observation describe:

(a) Colour (b) Smell 09402020

16. Symptom of malaria is: 09402021

(a) Chills (b) Fevers

17. Quinine is obtained from: 09402022

(a) Quina - quina (b) Deodar

18. Bark of quina – quina was imported from:

(a) Europe (b) America 09402023

19. Experiments on sparrow was performed by: 09402024

(a) Ross (b) A. F. A. King

20. Number of steps of biological method are:

(a) Seven (b) Six 09402025

21. A scientific law is an irrefutable: 09402026

(a) Observation (b) Theory

(board 2011)

22. The scientific method in which biological

problems are solved is termed as; 09402027

(a) Physical method

(b) Biological method

(d) Statistical method

23. Biologists learn which hypothesis is correct through. 09402028

(a) Qualitative observations

(b) Experiments

(d) Quantitative observations

24. Uniform or constant law of nature is. 09402029

(a) Theory (b) Scientific Law

25. Disease cured through Quinine from 17^th to 20^th century is: 09402030

(a) Diarrhoea (b) Malaria

26. Deductions are drawn from: 09402031

(a) Experiments (b) Hypothesis

27. Such hypotheses which are often tested but never rejected are called; 09402032

(a) Theory (b) Law

28. Ross found that the saliva of the infected

mosquito contained; 09402033

(a) Ameoba (b) Bacteria

29. Female mosquitoes need the blood of

mammals or birds for; 09402034

(a) Nutrition

(b) Nourishment of Plasmodium

(d) Maturation of eggs

30. In biological method the next step of

hypothesis is called; 09402035

(a) Deduction (b) Observation

31. Following is supported by a great deal of evidence: 09402036

(a) Theory (b) Law

32. “Mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium and are

involved in spread of malaria” this hypothesis was suggested by: 09402037

(a) Laveran (b) Aristotle

33. If Plasmodium is the cause of malaria, then all persons ill with malaria should have Plasmodium in their blood. The above statement is a: (Board 2013) 09402038

(a) Hypothesis (b) Deduction

34. Biological method has been playing an important role for the last; (Board 2013)

09402039

(a) 400 years (b) 500 years

35. In man malarial parasite is transmitted by:

09402040

(a) Culex (b) Anopheles

36. The most basic step of biological method is; 09402041

(a) Deduction (b) Experimentation

37. The hypothesis that stands the test of time is; 09402042

(a) A scientific law (b) Deduction

38. Excellent medicine for treating malaria is:

(a) Quina-quina bark 09402043

(b) Cinchona bark

(d) Eucalyptus bark

39. Part of mosquito’s body which prevents the blood from clotting in its food canal after drawing blood: 09402044

(a) Water

(b) Saliva

(d) Digestive Glands

40. Many plants from America sent back to Europe to be used as medicines in the: 09402045

(a) In the 17^th century

(b) In the 18^th century

(d) In the 20^th century

41. Physicians were familiar with malaria more than; 09402046

(a) 1000 years ago

(b) 2000 years ago

(d) 5000 years ago

42. Dengue fever is transmitted by:

(a) Culex (Board 2016) 09402047

(b) Anopheles

(d) Culex and Anopheles

43. Which of the following joins two equal ratios by the signs of equality? 09402048

(a) Data (b) Proportion

44. Ratio may be expressed by putting a sign;

(a) ¸ (b) :: 09402049

45. Choose the heavier product: 09402050

(a) A liter of water

(b) A liter of ethanol

(d) A liter of benzene

46. A relation between the two numbers is called; 09402051

(a) Ratio (b) Proportion

47. The welts that appear after the mosquito leaves is a/an; 09402052

(a) Reaction to the wound

(b) Allergic reaction to the saliva

(d) Bursting of blood vessels

48. Malaria is caused by; (Board -2014) 09402053

(a) Plasmodium (b) Entamoeba

49. The branch of tree which was very suitable for curing malaria is: (Board 2015) 09402054

(a) Cedrus (b) Cinchona

Short Answers Questions

Q1. Define Bioinformatics. (Board 2016)

09402055

Q2. Define Biological Method. (Board 2012)

09402056

Q3. Define Biological Problems. 09402057

Q4. What is the difference between control group and experimental group? (Board 2013)

09402058

Q5. Define Deduction. (Board 2012) 09402059

Q6. Define Experiments and describe its types. 09402060

Q7. Define Hypothesis. (Board - 2011) 09402061

Q8. Differentiate between Law and Theory. / Define theory and law. (Board 2014,15,16)

09402062

Q9. Define observations. What are its types? 09402063

Q10. What is the association of Anopheles mosquito with humans? 09402064

Q11. Why is Cinchona bark important in biologist’s mind for treating malaria?

09402065

Q12. What is Plasmodium? 09402066

Q13. Explain why Biologist report the result of their findings at National and International level. 09402067

Q14. What is incubation period? 09402068

Q15. What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis? (Board – 2011, 12, 15,16) 09402069

Q16. Why do welts appear after biting mosquito? (Board 2013) 09402070

Q17. Write major observations about malaria. 09402071

Q18. Define Science. 09402072

Q19. What are the observations of A.F.A. King? / Write any two observations of A. F. A King. (Board – 2014) 09402073

Q20. What is the role of control group in an experiment? (Board 2014) 09402074

Q21. Describe meanings of words “mala” and “aria”. (Board 2014) 09402075

Q22. How did Darwin form his theory of evolution? 09402076

Q23. Justify: “man has always been a biologist”. 09402077

Q.24. How does a female mosquito prevent the blood from clotting in her food canal?

09402078

Q.25. Give two examples of scientific law. (Board 2013) 09402079

Q.26. How are quantitative observations better in biology? (Board 2015) 09402080

Q.27. Which disease killed the people more than any other disease in ancient times? 09402081

Q.28. While testing the hypothesis that plasmodium is the cause of malaria, what would be the control group? 09402082

Q.29. How a hypothesis is formed?

(Board 2016) 09402083

UNIT 3

BIODIVERSITY

Q.1. What is biodiversity? Explain distribution and importance of biodiversity. 09403001

Q.2. What is classification? Describe the aims and the basis of classification. 09403002

Q.3. What is taxonomic hierarchy? / Describe taxa of taxonomy orderly. (Board 2015) 09403003

Q.4. Define Species. Give two exceptions for the species concept. 09403004

Q.5. Describe the history of classification system. 09403005

Q.6. Describe the two kingdom system of classification. (Board 2011) 09403006

Q.7. Describe the three Kingdom Classification System. 09403007

Q.8. Describe the five kingdom system of classification. 09403008

Q.9.What do you know about the status of viruses? (Board -11, 2014) 09403009

Q.10: Describe briefly about the prions and viroids. 09403010

Q.11. What is meant by binomial nomenclature? Describe its rules and significance. 09403011

Q.12. Describe conservation of biodiversity. Also write down impact of human beings on biodiversity. 09403012

Q.13. Give the effect of removal of species? 09403013

Q.14. Give What is the effect of introduction of species? 09403014

Q.15. Define deforestation. Describe its causes and effects. 09403015

Q.16. What do you know about over hunting? 09403016

Q.17. Define conservation. Explain conservation of biodiversity. 09403017

Q.18. Write a note on Endangered species in Pakistan. 09403018

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Genus of Pea is; 09403019

(a) Homo (b) Amanita

2. Three kingdom classification system was proposed in: 09403020

(a) 1866 (b) 1867

3. One of the following is composed of only protein? 09403021

(a) Viruses (b) Prions

4. Important cause of species extinction is:

(a) Habitat loss 094030222

(b) Deforestation

(d) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’

5. National bird of Pakistan is: (Board 2016)

(a) Pigeon (b) Ostrich 09403023

6. Cutting down of trees is known as: 09403024

(a) Habitat loss (b) Deforestation

7. Example of acellular organism is:

(Board 2016) 09403025

(a) Bacteria (b) Fungi

8. Cell wall of fungi is made up of: 09403026

(a) Cellulose (b) Amino acid

9. Basic unit of classification is: 09403027

(a) Genus (b) Order (Board 2007)

10. Classification means the grouping of organisms on the basis of: 09403028

(a) How they feed

(b) The features they have in common

(d) How they can survive

11. The kingdom protista includes: 09403029

(a) Unicellular and simple

multicellular organisms with

prominent nucleus

(b) True multicellular organisms with

no prominent nucleus.

prominent nucleus.

(d) Unicellular organisms with no

prominent nucleus.

12. Viruses are not classified in any kingdom because: 09403030

(a) They are too poorly understood

(b) They are too small

(d) They are not considered organisms

13. Viruses are assigned to the kingdom:

(a) Monera (Board 2013) 09403031

(b) Protista

(d) None of above

14. A related group of genera comprises:

(a) An order 09403032

(b) A family

(d) A phylum

15. In which kingdom, would you classify unicellular eukaryotes? 09403033

(a) Fungi and plantae

(b) Fungi and Monera

(d) Only Fungi

16. In binomial nomenclature, the first letter of the ___________ name is capitalized.

(a) Family (b) Class 09403034

17. Which one of the following sequences shows the correct hierarchy of classification, going from the smaller to the bigger group? 09403035

(a) Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class,

Family, Genus, Species

(b) Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,

Family, Genus, Species

(d) Species, Genus, Family, Order,

Class Phylum, Kingdom.

18. Which of the following may be the correct way of writing the scientific name of an organism? 09403036

(a) Canis lupus (b) Saccharum

19. A certain organism is multicellular, adapted for photosynthesis and has multicellular sex organs. To which kingdom does it belong? 09403037

(a) Animalia (b) Fungi

20. Species that are in same ________ are more closely related than species that are in the same ___________. 09403038

(a) Phylum….Class

(b) Family…..Order

(d) Family….Genus

21. When the last member of a particular species dies, the species is said to be __.

(Board 2011) 09403039

(a) Established (b) Extinct

22. In which season does Houbara bustard migrate to Pakistan and settle here? 09403040

(a) Summer (b) Spring

23. Important work on plants classification was published by: 09403041

(a) John Ray

(b) Andrea Caesalpino

(d) Agustus Rivinus

24. Greatest threat to biodiversity on this planet is: 09403042

(a) Habitat loss (b)Deforestation

25. Living organisms into three kingdom classification system were divided by:

09403043

(a) Linnaeus (b) Aristotle

26. Number of kinds of children born in each minute in the world are more them: 09403044

(a) 100 (b) 150

27. Number of kinds of organisms inhabit the earth are: 09403045

(a) 1 million (b) 5 million

28. Biodiversity means: 09403046

(a) Variety within a species

(b) Variety among the species

the species

(d) None of these

29. The biodiversity of any region depends on:

(a) Climate 09403047

(b) Altitude

(d) All of these

30. Biodiversity is richer in: 09403048

(a) Tropics

(b) Temperate regions

(d) Desert

31. Biodiversity is the source of: 09403049

(a) Food (b) Fibres

32. The kinds of animals found on Earth:

(a) 0.5 million (b) 1.0 million 09403050

33. The kinds of plants found on Earth:

09403051

(a) 0.1 million (b) 0.3 million

34. The branch of biology which deals with classification is: 09403052

(a) Taxonomy (b) Systematic

35. Basis on which organisms have been classified by biologists are: 09403053

(a) Similarities (b) Difference

36. It is a group of related phyla: 09403054

(a) Kingdom (b) Class

37. It is a group of related classes: 09403055

(a) Phylum (b) Order

38. It is a group of related orders: 09403056

(a) Genus (b) Family

39. It is a group of related genera: 09403057

(a) Species (b) Family

40. The lowest taxon of classification is: 09403058

(a) Genus (b) Order

41. The scientific name of human being is:

(a) Homo sapiens 09403059

(b) Pisum sativum

(d) E. coli

42. The class of man is: 09403060

(a) Insecta (b) Mammalia

43. The kingdom of bacteria is:

(Board 2015) 09403061

(a) Fungi (b) Monera

44. The first system of classification of organisms was suggested by:(Board 2015) 09403062

(a) Al-Jahiz (b) Aristotle

45. Ibn-Rushd translate the Aristotle’s book “de Anima” in: 09403063

(a) Ibrani (b) Arabic

46. Taxon of ‘order’ in classification was introduced by: 09403064

(a) Caesalpino (b) John Ray

47. Modern classification (binomial nomen- clature) is based on the work of: 09403065

(a) Caesalpino

(b) John Ray

(d) Carolus Linnaeus

48. Kingdom protista was proposed by: (a) Ernst Hackel 09403066

(b) Robert Whittaker

(d) Schwartz

49. The terms ”procariotique” and “eucarioti-que” were introduced by E. Chatton in:

(a) 1866 (b) 1937 09403067

50. Five kingdom classification system was first introduced by: 09403068

(a) Margulis (b) Hackel

51. All prokaryotic organisms are included in kingdom: 09403069

(a) Protista (b) Monera

52. Which one is not related to protista?

(a) Algae 09403070

(b) Protozoans

(d) Fungi like organisms

53. Following kingdom includes eukaryotic, multicellular and absorptive heterotrophs:

(a) Monera (b) Protista 09403071

54. Following character is not related to Animalia: 09403072

(a) Eukaryotic (b) Multicellular

55. Following is without nuclear membrane; 09403073

(a) Animalia (b) Plantae

56. Cellular organization is absent in:09403074

(a) Viruses (b) Bacteria

57. The body of which organism consists only of RNA: 09403075

(a) Prions (b) Viroids

58. The species which will become extinct in future: 09403076

(a) Threatened (b) Endangered

59. Number of people living on earth today.

09403077

(a) 100 million (b) 300 million

60. It is the national animal of Pakistan.

(a) Dolphin (b) Ibex 09403078

61. The bird that flies to Pakistan in winter from former Soviet territory is: 09403079

(a) Chakor (b) Houbara bustard

62. Forests are the source of: 09403080

(a) Drugs (b) Fuel

63. Deforestation results in. 09403081

(a) Soil erosions

(b) Increased water storage capacity of

dams

(d) More clouds

64. The lowest taxon among the following is: (a) Genera (b) Class 09403082

65. Euglena is included in kingdom: 09403083

(a) Monera (b) Protista

66. A species is a group of natural population which can: 09403084

(a) Interbreed and produce offspring

(b) Interbreed in nature and produce

offspring

(d) Interbreed in nature and produce

fertile offspring

67. The need of third kingdom protista raised due to: 09403085

(a) Presence of certain unicellular

organisms

(b) Presence of plant-like character

(d) Presence of both animal and plant

like characters

68. Fungi cannot be placed in plantae kingdom because: 09403086

(a) Fungi lack cell wall

(b) Fungi have root, stem and leaves

(d) Fungi do not store food

69. Principle for the formation of five kingdom classification system selected by Robert Whittaker is: 09403087

(a) Mode of locomotion

(b) Mode of nutrition

(d) Mode of respiration

70. The five kingdom classification system is not based on: 09403088

(a) Mode of nutrition (b) Cytology

71. It is at the risk of becoming extinct because few members are left: 09403089

(a) Extinct species

(b) Threatened species

(d) Endangered species

72. Marco Polo sheep is found in: 09403090

(a) Khunjerab National Park

(b) Plains (c) India

(d) Indus Valley

73. Members of the same species living in the same place is called: (Board 2011)09403091

(a) Habitat (b) Biosphere

74.Allium cepa is the scientific name of:

(Board 2014) 09403092

(a) Onion (b) Potato

75.A species that no longer lives in an ecosystem is called; 09403093

(a) Endangered species (b) Global Ecosystem

(d) Population

76. A family is a group of related: (Board 2015)

09403094

(a) Genera (b) Orders

77. In the province Khyber PakhtunKhwa the closed canopy forests are shrinking approximately at which %age per year.

(a) 1 (b) 2 09403095

78. Number of people in developing countries rely on wood for heating and cooking is almost; 09403096

(a) 2 Billion (b) 3 Billion

Short Answers Questions

Q.1. What is term acellular? 09403097

Q.2. Define class animalia. 09403098

Q.3. Define Binomial nomenclature.

(Board 2012) 09403099

Q.4. Define Class. 09403100

Q.5. Define Classification. 09403101

Q.6. Define Conservation. 09403102

Q.7. What are Endangered Species? (Board 2012) 09403103

Q.8. Define Family. 09403104

Q.9. Define Fauna. 09403105

Q.10. Define Flora. 09403106

Q.11. Define Fungi. 09403107

Q.12. Define Genus. 09403108

Q.13. What is IUCN? 09403109

Q.14. What do you know about HJP? 09403110

Q.15. Define Order. 09403111

Q.16. Define Phylum . 09403112

Q.17. Define Plantae. 09403113

Q.18.Define Prion. 09403114

Q.19. Define Protista. 09403115

Q.20. What is soil erosion? 09403116

Q.21. Define Systematics. 09403117

Q.22. Define Taxon. 09403118

Q.23. Define Taxonomic hierarchy. 09403119

Q.24. Define the term viroid. 09403120

Q.25. What is the origin of biodiversity? 09403121

Q.26. Define biodiversity. Describe briefly the meaning of biodiversity. / What do you know about biodiversity? (Board 2011,14)

09403122

Q.27. Give importance of biodiversity. / Write two points on the importance of biodiversity. (Board 2015,16) 09403123

Q.28. Define taxonomy and systematics.

(Board 2014) 09403124

Q.29. Define Species. (Board 2013) 09403125

Q.30. Is the interbreeding concept of species applicable to organism which reproduce asexually? 09403126

Q.31. What is the role of Ibn Rushd (Averroes) in classification? 09403127

Q.32. What were the objections on three kingdom system? 09403128

Q.33.What was the work of Robert Whittaker? Give his basis of classification.

09403129

Q.34. When is scientific name abbreviated? Give an example. 09403130

Q.35. Given benefits of using binomial nomenclature? 09403131

Q.36. How is biodiversity lost by over-hunting? / What is the role of over-hunting in extinction? (Board 2015) 09403132

Q.37. What is deforestation? 09403133

Q.38. What is Northern Areas Conservation Project? 09403134

Q.39.What is conservation of migratory birds in Chitral, NWFP? 09403135

Q.40. What are the reasons of decline of Houbara bustard? 09403136

Q.41. What factors do affect biodiversity of a region? 09403137

Q.42. Why is Carolus Linnaeus famous? 09403138

Q.43. What are the aims of classification?

(Board 2013, 2014) 09403139

Q.44. What is the basis of classification?

09403140

Q.45. What are Taxa? Give examples. 09403141

Q.46. Name the largest and smallest taxa. 09403142

Q.47. Write the names of five kingdoms of organisms. 09403143

Q.48. Enlist the characteristics of kingdom Monera? 09403144

Q.49. Give the types of protista. 09403145

Q.50. Describe characteristics of simple multicellular organisms? 09403146

Q.51. Give examples of Protozoans. 09403147

Q.52. How can you divide the five kingdoms into two groups on the basis of types of cells? 09403148

Q.53. Write the scientific names of piyaz, house crow and starfish. 09403149

Q.54. What is an extinct species? 09403150

Q.55. Give a list of extinct animals in Pakistan. 09403151

Q.56. Enlist the effects of deforestation? (Board 2016) 09403152

Q.57. Give significance of forests. 09403153

Q.58. Name the two organizations working for conservation of biodiversity in Pakistan.

09403154

Q. 59. Write the names of national animal and national bird of Pakistan.

(Board 2013) 09403155

Q.60. What is animal diversity of Northern areas in Pakistan? 09403156

Q.61. How many migratory birds are killed every year while passing through Chitral? 09403157

Q.62. Give two reasons for the exclusion of Kingdom Fungi from Kingdom Plantae.

09403158

Q.63. About how many peoples are added to world population in each day? 09403159

Q.64. How many people in developing countries rely on wood for cooking & heating? 09403160

Q.65. Eucalyptus is harmful for other plants growing near it. Explain. 09403161

Q.66. Write the biological classification of human. 09403162

Q.67. What were the objections on two kingdom system? or Why is two kingdom system unworkable? 09403163

Q.68. What are the reasons of decline of Indus dolphin? 09403164

Q.69. Write the biological classification of Pea Plant. 09403165

Q.70. Why viruses are not included in five kingdom system. (Board 2016) 09403166

Q.71. What are effects of human being on biodiversity? (Board 2016) 09403167

UNIT 4

Cell Biology

Q.1. Define microscopy. What do you know about first microscope? 09404001

Q.2. Explain the important terms which are used in microscopy. 09404002

Q.3. Describe the types of microscopes. 09404003

Q.4. Describe the history of the formulation of cell theory. 09404004

Q.5. What do you know about sub-cellular particles or acellular particles? 09404005

Q.6. Construct a timeline that traces the history of formulation of the cell theory. 09404006

Q.7. What do you know about eukaryotic cellular structures? / Differentiate between animal and plant cells with the help of suitable diagram. / Draw an animal and plant cell. (Board 2011, 12, 14) 09404007

Q.8. Write a note on cell wall. 09404008

Q.9. Write a note on cell membrane. / Explain the structure of cell membrane with diagram.

(Board 2015) 09404009

Q.10. Write a note on cytoplasm. 09404010

Q.11. Write a note on cytoskeleton. 09404011

Q.12. Write a note on Nucleus. Board 2011, 2013) 09404012

Q.13. Write a note on Ribosomes. / Write down the structure and function of Ribosomes. (Board 2015) 09404013

Q.14. Write a note on Mitochondria. 09404014

Q.15. Write a note on Plastids. 09404015

Q.16. Write a note on endoplasmic reticulum. 09404016

Q.17. Write a note on Golgi Apparatus. 09404017

Q.18. Write a note on Lysosomes. (Board 2013) 09404018

Q.19. Write a note on Centriole. 09404019

Q.20. Write a note on vacuoles. 09404020

Q.21. Describe the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (Board 2011, 12,14) 09404021

Q.22. Describe the relationship between cell function and cell structure. (Board 2011) 09404022

Q.23. Describe the relationship between cell size, shape and surface area to volume ratio.

09404023

Q.24. Describe passage of molecules into and out of cells. 09404024

Q.25. What are tissues and colony of cells? 09404025

Q.26. What is the role of turgor? 09404026

Q.27. How does the tonicity of solution affect the guard cells? 09404027

Q.28. Describe the application of knowledge about semi-permeable membranes. 09404028

Q.29. Describe different types of animal tissues. 09404029

Q.30. Describe the different types of plant tissues. 09404030

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of these clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? 09404031

(a) The presence or absence of a cell wall.

(b) Whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes

(d) Whether or not the cell contains DNA

2. There are _____ micrometers (mm) in one millimeter (mm). 09404032

(a) 10 (b) 100

3. The plasma membrane does all of these except: 09404033

(a) Contains the hereditary material

(b) Acts as a boundary or border for the cytoplasm

(d) Functions in the recognition of cell

4. Which of these materials is not a component of the plasma membrane?

09404034

(a) Lipids (b) Carbohydrates

5. Cell walls are found in these organisms, except for: 09404035

(a) Plants (b) Animals

6. The _______ is a major component of plant cell walls. 09404036

(a) Chitin (b) Peptidoglycan

7. Plant cells have ______ and ____ which are not present in animal cells. 09404037

(a) Mitochondria, chloroplasts

(b) Cell membranes, cell walls

(d) Chloroplasts, cell wall

8. The ______ is the membrane-enclosed structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the DNA of the cell. 09404038

(a) Mitochondrion (b) Chloroplast

9. Ribosomes are constructed in the: 09404039

(a) Endoplasmic reticulum

(b) Nucleoid

(d) Nuclear Pore

10. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the area in a cell where ______ are synthesized.

09404040

(a) Polysaccharides (b) Proteins

11. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the area in a cell where ______are synthesized.

09404041

(a) Polysaccharides (b) Proteins

12. The mitochondrion functions in; 09404042

(a) Lipid storage (Board 2015)

(b) Protein synthesis

(d) Cellular respiration

13. The thin extensions of the inner mitochondrial membrane are known as _____. 09404043

(a) Cristae (b) Matrix

14. The chloroplast functions in:

(a) ATP synthesis 09404044

(b) Protein synthesis

(d) DNA replication

15. Which of these cellular organelles have their own DNA? (Board 2015) 09404045

(a) Chloroplast (b) Golgi apparatus

16. Who described cells first? (Board 2013) 09404046

(a) Robert Hooke

(b) Leeuwenhoek

(d) Schleiden & Schwann

17. Sites of protein synthesis is: (Board 2013) 09404047

(a) Nucleus

(b) Mitochondria

(d) Ribosomes

18. The smallest cells of bacteria are called:

(a) Plasmodesmata 09404048

(b) Plasma membrane

19. Xylem and phloem tissues are: 09404049

(a) Simple tissues

(b) Compound tissues

(d) Permanent tissues

20. Cellular eating is called: 09404050

(a) Pinocytosis (b) Endocytosis

21. Movement which requires energy in the form of ATP: 09404051

(a) Diffusion (Board 2011)

(b) Osmosis

(d) Facilitated diffusion

22. The example of bulkiest cells are: 09404052

(a) Bacteria (b) Bird’s eggs

23. The example of long cells are: 09404053

(a) Bird’s eggs

(b) Muscle cells

(d) Muscle cells & nerve cells

24. Types of cells which make human body: 09404054

(a) 200 (b) 300

25. “All animal tissues are also composed of individual cells”, it was stated by: 09404055

(a) Robert Hooke (b) Shleiden

26. Nucleus in the cell was discovered by:

09404056

(a) Robert Hooke (b) Lamarck

27. Cell theory was proposed by: 09404057

(a) Robert Hooke

(b) Schwann

(d) Both (b ) and (c)

28. Concept of “Omnis cellula e cellula” was given by: 09404058

(a) Robert Hooke (b) Pasteur

29. The cells used for transmission of impulses are: 09404059

(a) Muscle cells (b) Nerve cells

30. The cells used for secretion of hormones are: 09404060

(a) Muscle cells (b) Nerve cells

31. The cells used for support in plants are:

(a) Sclerenchyma cells 09404061

(b) Collenchyma cells

(d) Both (a) and (b)

32. The tissues used for photosynthesis in plants are: 09404062

(a) Sclerenchyma tissues

(b) Ground tissues

(d) Compound tissues

33. The cells used for storage in plants are:

(a) Sclerenchyma cells 09404063

(b) Vessel elements

(d) Meristematic cells

34. The cells which can divide in plants are:

(a) Sclerenchyma cells 09404064

(b) Collenchyma cells

(d) Meristematic cells

35. The resolution of human eye is; 09404065

(a) 1.0mm (b) 2.0mm

36. Magnification of electron microscope is:

(a) 2500 X (b) 25000 X 09404066

37. The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient is called: 09404067

(a) Diffusion

(b) Passive transport

(d) Endocytosis

38. Cellulose is present in: 09404068

(a) Primary wall (b) Secondary wall

39. Lignin is present in: 09404069

(a) Primary wall (b) Secondary wall

40. Lysosomes were discovered by: 09404070

(a) Golgi (b) Antonie

41. The inner chamber of the mitochondria contains a fluid is called: 09404071

(a) Cristae (b) Matrix

42. Colourless structure which store starch, proteins and lipids is: 09404072

(a) Chloroplasts (b) Chromoplasts

43. The stacked membranous structure in the chloroplast is; 09404073

(a) Thylakoids (b) Stroma

44. The membranous structure in the chloroplast is: 09404074

(a) Thylakoids (b) Stroma

45. The fluid within the chloroplast is:

(a) Thylakoids (b) Stroma 09404075

46. The type of plastids present in fruits are:

09404076

(a) Chloroplasts (b) Chromoplasts

47. The type of plastids present in roots are:

(a) Chloroplasts 09404077

(b) Chromoplasts

(d) All of the above

48. The structure present in the prokaryotes is:

09404078

(a) Mitochondria (b) Ribosomes

49. Responsibility of protein synthesis is:

(Board 2011) 09404079

(a) Plastids (b) Ribosomes

50. Polymer of amino acid and sugar is:

(Board 2011) 09404080

(a) Peptidoglycan (b) Glycolipids

51. Xylem tissues consist of vessel elements and: (Board 2011) 09404081

(a) Sieve tube (b) Tracheids

52. Primary cell wall of plants has a chemical:

(Board 2011) 09404082

(a) Cellulose (b) Peptidoglycan

53. Which statement about the nuclear envelope is not true? 09404083

(a) It has pores

(b) It is a double membrane structure

(d) RNA and some proteins pass through it

54. Which statement about plastids is true?

09404084

(a) They are surrounded by a double membrane

(b) They are the power house of cell

(d) They contain DNA and ribosomes

55. Golgi was awarded Nobel prize for physiology and medicine in: 09404085

(a) 1806 (b) 1906

(c 1945 (d) 1936

56. Animal tissues are found in lungs, heart and blood vessels are: 09404086

(a) Squamous epithelium

(b) Cuboidal epithelium

(d) Ciliated columnar epithelium

57. Animal tissues found in linning of oesophagus, mouth and also in the skin are: 09404087

(a) Stratified squamous epithelium

(b) Squamous epithelium

(d) Ciliated columnar epithelium

58. Example of striated tissues are: 09404088

a) Skeletal muscles (b) Smooth Muscles

59. Granular fluid inside the nuclear envelope is called; 09404089

(a) Cytoplasm (b) Nucleoplasm

60. The very first microscope was developed by Zacharias Janssen in 1595 in; 09404090

(a) England (b) America

61. All of the following are present in cell membrane EXCEPT: 09404091

(a) Lipids (b) Carbohydrates

62. Stomata are the openings in the epidermis

of ; 09404092

(a) Stem (b) Root

(Board 2013) 09404093

(a) Ribosomes (b) Lysosomes

64. The net movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration is called; 09404094

(a) Active transport

(b) Facilitated diffusion

65. Solutions which have equal concentration of solutes are called as; 09404095

(a) Hypertonic solutions

(b) Hypotonic solutions

66. The tissues which are made of single type of cells are; 09404096

(a) Simple tissues (b) Compound tissue

67. Fluid mosaic model explains the structure of: 09404097

(a) Cell wall (b) Cell membrane

68. Types of electron microscopes are: 09404098

(a) 2 (b) 3

69. Tissues which have power of cell division are: 09404099

(a) Xylem (b) Phloem

70. The cell wall in Fungi is made of: 09404100

(a) Cellulose (b) Peptidoglycan

71. The walls in parenchyma cells are: 09404101

(a) Thick (b) Thin

72. Walls of sclerenchyma tissues are impregnated with: 09404102

(a) Protoplasm (b) Lignin

73. Permanent tissues originate from: 09404103

(a) Ground Tissue

(b) Supporting Tissue

(d) Meristematic Tissue

74. Which one is present between xylem and phloem tissue? 09404104

(a) Vessel elements

(b) Vascular cambium

(d) Cork Cambium

75. The resolution of light microscope is: 09404105

(a) 1.0 mm (b) 2.0 mm

76. The intake of material by infolding of cell membrane is called: 09404106

(a) Exocytosis

(b) Passive Transport

(d) Endocytosis

77. Compounds which present in the cell wall of bacteria are: 09404107

(a) Cellulose (b) Cutin

78. Tissues form communication system of body are; (Board 2014) 09404108

(a) Supporting tissues (b) Muscle tissues

79. The wall of prokaryotes is composed of:

(Board 2014) 09404109

(a) Lignin (b) Cellulose

80. Who developed first microscope?

(Board 2014) 09404110

(a) Robert Hooke (b) Louis Pasteur

81. Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of a chemical: (Board 2014) 09404111

(a) Plasmodesmata (b) Peptidoglycan

82. In cell wall of plants the chemical present is: (Board 2013) 09404112

(a) Lignin (b) Cellulose

83. Example of hard connective tissue is:

(a) Cartilage (b) Blood 09404113

84. The movement of molecule from lower concentration to higher concentration is called: (Board 2015) 09404114

(a) Active transport (b) Osmosis

85. The resolution of electron microscope is _____

(a) 0.2mm (b) 0.02mm 09404115

86. The magnification of light microscope is.

(a) 1500 X (b) 150,000 X 09404116

Short Answers Questions

Q:1. Define Active Transport. 09404117

Q:2. Define Cell. 09404118

Q:3. What is Cell Membrane? 09404119

Q:4. Write salient features of cell theory. (Board 2013,16) 09404120

Q:5. Give the composition and functions of Cell Wall. 09404121

Q:6. Define Centriole. (Board 2016) 09404122

Q:7. What is Chloroplast? 09404123

Q:8. What is Chromoplast? 09404124

Q:9. What is Connective tissue? 09404125

Q:10. What is Cytoplasm? 09404126

Q:11. Define Diffusion. (Board 2013-16) 09404127

Q:12. What is Endoplasmic reticulum? 09404128

Q:13. Define Epithelial tissue. 09404129

Q:14. Define Facilitated Diffusion. 09404130

Q:15. What are Golgi apparatus? 09404131

Q:16. Define hypotonic and hypotonic. (Board 2013-16) 09404132

Q:17. Define Isotonic Solutions. 09404133

Q.18. Explain why it is not enough just to say that a solution is “hypertonic”. 09404134

Q:19. What are Leucoplasts ? 09404135

Q:20. Define Lysosomes. Give their function.

(Board 2015) 09404136

Q:21. What is Mitochondrion? 09404137

Q:22. Describe the structure of Muscle Tissue? 09404138

Q:23. Describe the structure of Nucleus? 09404139

Q:24. Define an Organelle. 09404140

Q:25.Define Osmosis.(Board 2013) 09404141

Q:26.Define Passive transport? 09404142

Q:27. Define Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis. (Board 2015) 09404143

Q:28. Show the effect of hypotonic solution on the animal and plant cell. 09404144

Q:29. What is Plasmolysis?(Board 2015)09404145

Q:30. What are Plastids?(Board 2011)09404146

Q:31. What are Ribosomes? (Board 2011,14)

09404147

Q:32. Define semi-permeable Membrane. 09404148

Q:33. Define Tissue. 09404149

Q:34. Define Turgor Pressure. 09404150

Q:35. Define Vacuole. 09404151

Q:36. Define Microfilament and Microtubule. 09404152

Q:37. Cell work as an open system. Explain. 09404153

Q.38. Define filtration. (Board 2014) 09404154

Q.39. Define reverse osmosis. (Board 2014) 09404155

Q.40. Define ribosomes. 09404156

Q.41. Define nucleoid. 09404157

Q.42. What does “LM 109X” indicate? 09404158

Q.43. Why can EM (electron microscope) not be used to study life processes? 09404159

Q.44. Differentiate between plasma membrane and cell membrane. 09404160

Q.45. Why is a colony of cell not always a tissue? 09404161

Q.46. Differentiate between primary and secondary cell walls. 09404162

Q.47. Enlist functions of xylem and phloem tissues. (Board 2015) 09404163

Q.48. What is the difference between apical and lateral meristems? (Board 2015) 09404164

Q.49. What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? (Board 2013) 09404165

Q.50. What is exocytosis? (Board 2013) 09404166

Q.51. Which type of microscope would you use to study the changes in shape of human white blood cells? 09404167

Q.52. Which type of microscope is used to study the surface texture of human hair?

09404168

Q.53. Which type of microscope would you use to study the detailed structure of mitochondrion in the cell of human liver? 09404169

Q.54. In diffusion and filtration, only small molecules can pass across membrane. Which process would move the molecules faster? 09404170

Q.55. When you hear that epithelial tissue has a tightly packed structure. What functions do you expect? 09404171

Q.56. Define Intercalary meristems. 09404172

Q.57 Birds fly by flapping their wings. What do you think, is the type of muscle responsible for wings’ flapping? 09404173

Q.58 Differentiate between Chromosomes and chromatin. 09404174

Q.59. When can parenchyma cells develop ability to divide and differentiate into other types of cells? 09405175

UNIT 5

CELL CYCLE

Q.1. Define reproduction. Describe its importance in life. 09405001

Q.2. Define cell cycle. Describe its phases. (Board 2011, 13) 09405002

Q.3. Define interphase. Explain the stages of interphase. (Board 2011,2014) 09405003

Q.4. Write a brief note on G0 Phase. 09405004

Q.5. What do you know about M-Phase? 09405005

Q.6. What is mitosis? Describe its discovery and phases. 09405006

Q.7. Describe the significance of mitosis. (Board 2016) 09405007

Q.8. Which errors are associated with mitosis? 09405008

Q.9. Define meiosis and explain its phases in detail. 09405009

Q.10. Describe significance of meiosis. (Board – 2014) 09405010

Q.11. Describe common errors of meiosis? 09405011

Q.12. Compare mitosis and meiosis (Board 2012) 09405012

Q.13. What is apoptosis? What happens in it? Describe its importance. (Board 2011) 09405013

Write a note on apoptosis (Board – 2014, 2016)

Q.14. Write a note on necrosis. (Board 2011, 2012) 09405014

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. In which stage of the cell cycle each chromosome is duplicated and so it consists of two chromatids? 09405015

(a) G1 (b) S

2. During which phase of mitosis are spindles formed? / During which phase of cell cycle are spindle fibre formed: 09405016

(Board 2013,15)

(a) G2 (b) Interphase

3. In which stage of the cell cycle is the cell preparing enzyme for chromosome replication? 09405017

(a) G1 (b) G2

4. Which of the following stage of cell division is very different for animal and plant cells? 09405018

(a) Telophase

(b) Metaphase

(d) Cytokinesis

5. Prior to cell division, each chromosome replicates or duplicates its genetic material, the products are connected by a centromere and are called: 09405019

(a) Sister chromosomes

(b) Homologous chromosomes

(d) Sister chromatids

6. The process of mitosis ensures that: 09405020

(a) Each new cell is genetically different from its parent

(b) Each new cell receives the proper number of chromosomes

(d) Chromosomes duplicate without errors.

7. Cytokinesis in a plant cell is characterized by: 09405021

(a) The equal division of homologous chromosomes

(b) A pinching off of the cell membrane to divide the cell

(d) The movement of the chromosomes from the metaphase plate

8. Which of the following is unique to mitosis and not a part of meiosis-I? 09405022

(a) Homologous chromosomes pair forming bivalents.

(b) Homologous chromosomes cross over

(d) Chromatids separate during anaphase

9. Which event distinguishes meiosis from mitosis? 09405023

(a) Condensation of chromosomes

(b) Loss of the nuclear membrane

(d) Pairing of homologous chromosomes.

10. In which stage of the cell cycle most cells spend their lives? 09405024

(a) Prophase

(b) Metaphase

(d) Telophase

11. Which of the following distinguishes meiosis from mitosis? 09405025

(a) The chromosome number is reduced.

(b) Chromosomes undergo crossing over.

(d) All of the above

12. For mitosis, the chromosomes of the cells duplicated during interphase. When do the chromosomes duplicate for meiosis?

(a) Before meiosis I 09405026

(b) Before meiosis II

(d) Do not duplicate

13. Find the correct statement. 09405027

(a) Homologous chromosomes form pairs during mitosis.

(b) Chromosomes do not duplicate in the interphase preceding meiosis-I.

(d) Spindles are not required during meiosis.

14. What reason would you suggest for the fact that the total DNA content of each daughter cell is reduced during meiosis?

(a) Chromosomes do not replicate during the interphase before meiosis I. 09405028

(b) Chromosomes do not duplicate between meiosis I and II.

(d) Sister chromatids separate during anaphase of meiosis I.

15. If you observe a cell like this one, what phase of mitosis is it? 09405029

(a) Anaphase

(b) Telophase

(d) Prophase

16. Specific enzymes are synthesized by:

(a) G0 (b) G209405030

17. The phase which can exist for life is:

(a) G0 (b) G209405031

18. Chromosomes become double during:

(a) G2 (b) G0 09405032

19. The longest phase is: 09405033

(a) Mitotic phase (b) Meiosis

20. The point at which spindle fibre attaches the chromosomes is called: 09405034

(a) Kinetochore (b) Non-kinetochore

(c)Both a and b (d) Centromere

21. The chromosomes are attached in the equator of spindle in: 09405035

(a) Prophase (b) Telophase

22. Chromatids get separated from each other during: 09405036

(a) Telophase (b) Prophase

23. Chromatids are condensed during: 09405037

(a) Anaphase (b) Telophase

24. Uncoiling of chromosomes takes place during: 09405038

(a) Prophase (b) Telophase

25. The division of nucleus is: 09405039

(a) Mitosis (b) Karyokinesis

26. Chromosomes are not visible during: 09405040

(a) Prophase (b) Interphase

27. The condensation of chromosomes is completed during: 09405041

(a) Telophase (b) Prophase

28. Cytokinesis in animals take place by;

(a) Furrow 09405042

(b) Phragmoplast

(d) None of the above

29. Structures which is absent in animals; 09405043

(a) Spindle (b) Centrioles

30. Cells which called cancer cells: 09405044

(a) Malignant tumor

(b) Benign tumor

(d) None of the above

31. Similar stages between mitosis meiosis are: 09405045

(a) Prophase (b) Anaphase

32.The exchange of part of chromatids is:

(a) Chiasmata 09405046

(b) Linkage

(d) None of the above

33. The cell death due to tissue damage is:

(a)Apoptosis (b) Necrosis 09405047

34. Necrosis is: 09405048

(a) Division of cells

(b) Suicide of cells

(d) Weakness of cells

35. Meiosis discovered in: (Board 2011) 09405049

(a) 1876 (b) 1879

(d) 1960 (d) 1850

36. Hydra reproduces asexually by: 09405050

(a) Cutting (b) Grafting (Board 2011)

37. Cell increases the number of its many organelles and grows in size during:

(a) G1 (b) S phase 09405051

38. Cells which remain in G0 for indefinite period; 09405052

(a) Neurons

(b) Some cells of liver and kidneys

(d) Connective Cells

39. When Walther Flemming observed that in

a dividing cell, the nucleus passes through a series of changes which he called mitosis? 09405053

(a) 1980 (b) 1880’s

40. Crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster

in 1911 was observed by: 09405054

(a) Oscar Hertwing

(b) Thomas Hunt Morgan

(d) Mendal

41. The non-apparent period of cell division:

(a) Meiotic phase 09405055

(b) Mitotic phase

(c Somatic phase

(d) Interphase

42. Preparation of essential proteins for mitosis occurs in: 09405056

(a) G0 (b) G2

43. Following is mismatched for mitosis:

(a) Cloning 09405057

(b) Tissue culture

(d) Regeneration

44. Localized tumor is: 09405058

(a) Malignant

(b) Benign

(d) Metastasis

45. Cells which continue to divide throughout an organism’s life: 09405059

(a) Some cells of liver

(b) Kidneys

(d) Nerve Cells

46. It is the series of events from the time a

cell is produced until it completes mitosis and produces new cells is called: 09405060

(a) Interphase (b) Mitosis

47. Phases on which cell cycle consists of;

(a) 2 (b) 3 09405061

(c 4 (d) 5

48. Phase which is a relatively short period of Cell cycle: 09405062

(a) Interphase

(b) Mitotic phase

(d) G0

49. Following process occurs in S-phase:

(a) Synthesis of lipids 09405063

(b) Synthesis of organelles

(d) Duplication of chromosomes

50. Meiosis does not occur in: 09405064

(a) Eukaryotes

(b) Prokaryotes

(d) Sexually reproducing organisms

51. In Karyokinesis of Mitosis, the division of nucleus is further divided into how many phases? 09405065

(a) 2 (b) 3

52. Meiosis occurs only in: 09405066

(a) Prokaryotic cells

(b) Eukaryotic cells

(d) Cyanobacteria

53. As long as, tumors remain in their original

location, they are called: 09405067

(a) Malignant (b) Metastasis

54. Some organisms produce genetically similar offspring through: 09405068

(a) Sexual reproduction

(b) Asexual reproduction

(d) Meiosis

55. The cells at the surface of Hydra undergo

mitosis and form mass called: 09405069

(a) Gamete (b) Bud

56. Cells that have temporarily or permanently

stopped dividing are said to have entered a state of quiescence, called: 09405070

(a) G1 (b) S-Phase

57. Spindle fibres formed by the aggregation of; 09405071

(a) Actin (b) Myosin

58. Cytokinesis is the division of: 09405072

(a) Cytoplasm (b) Nucleus

59. Vesicles are derived from: 09405073

(a) Mitochondria (b) Ribosomes

(d) Golgi apparatus

60. Number of cells produced at the end of

mitosis are: 09405074

(a) 2 (b) 3

61. Number of cells produced at the end of

meiosis are: 09405075

(a) 2 (b) 3

62. In which of the following, the number of

chromosomes is reduced to half in daughter cells? 09405076

(a) Meiosis

(b) Mitosis

(d) Budding

63. Errors in the control of mitosis may cause;

(a) T.B (b) Pneumonia 09405077

64. Which one is the longest phase in

Meiosis-I? 09405078

(a) Metaphase-I (b) Prophase-I

65. Which of the following does not occur in

Prophase-I? 09405079

(a) Synapsis and chiasmata formation

(b) Crossing over

(d) Separation of a homologous pair

66. Mitosis consists of phases; (Board 14) 09405080

(a) One (b) Two

67. Those cells which give rise to gametes are

called; (Board – 2014) 09405081

(a) Somatic cells (b) Spindle fibers (c) Germ cells (d) Synapsis

68. The division of cytoplasm is called: 09405082

(a) Karyokinesis (b) Cytokinesis (c) Phragmoplast (d) Phagocytosis

69. Tumors are produced as a result of errors in: 09405083

(a) Meiosis (b) Mitosis

70. Meiosis does not occur in prokaryotes, which reproduce asexually by: 09405084

(a) Binary Fission (b) Regeneration

71. Significance of meiosis for reproduction and inheritance was described by German biologist ___________, in 1890. 09405085

(a) Louis Pasteur (b) Emil fischer

72. If you observe a cell like this one, what phase of meiosis I is it? 09405086

(a) Prophase II

(b) Anaphase I

(d) Karyokinesis

73. Sea star regenerates its lost arm through_____. 09405087

(a) Meiosis (b) Cell replacement

74. After non-disjunction, if abnormal gamete fuses with a normal gamete, it results in abnormal chromosome number in next generation, ______ chromosomes in humans.

(a) 23 Paris (b) 47 09405088

Short Answer Questions

Q.1. Describe Anaphase. 09405089

Q.2. Define Apoptosis. (Board 2011,15) 09405090

Q.3. Describe Benign. (Board 2011,2014)

09405091

Q.4. Explain G0 Phase. 09405092

Q.5. Define Budding. 09405093

Q.6. Define Crossing Over. 09405094

Q.7. What is G1 Phase? (Board 2012, 13) 09405095

Q.8. Define G2 Phase. 09405096

Q.9. Define Homologous Chromosomes. 09405097

Q.10. Explain Interphase as a major phase of cell. 09405098

Q.11. Define Karyokinesis. 09405099

Q.12. Define Mitosis. (Board 2012, 2013) 09405100

Q.13. What is Kinetochore? 09405101

Q.14. What is M-Phase? 09405102

Q.15. Define Malignant Tumors. (Board 2011,2014) 09405103

Q.16. What is Metaphase? 09405104

Q.17. What is Metaphase plate?(Board 2015)

09405105

Q.18. What is Cell cycle? (Board 2015) 09405106

Q.19. What is Chiasmata? 09405107

Q.20. Define Necrosis. 09405108

Q.21. State briefly the events / changes that take place during prophase. 09405109

Q.22. Define Phragmoplast. / How

cytokinessis occurs in plant cells? 09405110

Q.23. What is S-Phase? 09405111

Q.24. What are Sister chromatids? 09405112

Q.25. Define Spindle. 09405113

Q.26. Define Synapsis. 09405114

Q.27. Define Tubulin. 09405115

Q.28. Define Tumor. 09405116

Q.29. Define Metastasis. 09405117

Q.30. What are different phases of mitosis?

09405118

Q.31. What is Cytokinesis? (Board 2014)

09405119

Q.32. How does cytokinesis take place in animal cells? (Board 2016) 09405120

Q.33. How does cytokinesis take place in plant cell? (Board 2016) 09405121

Q.34. What is meiosis?(Board 2012, 13) 09405122

Q.35. Write the significance of meiosis.

09405123

Q.36. Illustrate germ line cells with one example. 09405124

Q.37. Illustrate somatic cells with one example. (Board – 2014) 09405125

Q.38. Describe the significance of mitosis.

(Board – 2014) 09405126

Q.39. Why is the cell division in prokaryotes not called mitosis? 09405127

Q.40. Why does meiosis not occur in prokaryotes? 09405128

Q.41. What are “blebs”? What are the other names of blebs. (Board 2016) 09405129

Q.42. Differentiate between diploid cells and haploid cells. 09405130

Q.43. Who studied crossing over in fruit fly? 09405131

Q.44. What is the difference between somatic and germ line cells? / What is the difference between somatic cells and gamete? (Board 2015) 09405132

Q.45. Give two advantages of apoptosis. (Board 2015) 09405133

Q.46. How do the events of cell cycle occur? 09405134

Q.47. What happens if there is no synthesis of protein during G-2 Phase?

09405135

Q.48. Nucleus is visible only in interphase while chromosomes are only visible in cell division stage. Why? 09405136

Q.49. Define disjunction. 09405137

Q.50. Define non-disjunction. 09405138

Q.51. What is meant by the word meiosis?

09405139

Q.52. Who discovered the process of meiosis? 09405140

Q.53. What do you know about the term Interkinesis? 09405141

Q.54. Define Chiasmata. 09405142

Q.55. What do you know about the discovery of mitosis? 09405143

Q.56. A nerve cell does not divide after its formation, in which phase of cell cycle it is?

09405144

Q.57. Chromosomes are only visible during cell division and not visible during interphase. Why? 09405145

UNIT 6

ENZYMES

Q.1. Describe metabolism and its types. What is the role of enzymes in metabolism? 09406001

Q.2. Define enzymes. Explain enzymatic action. 09406002

Q.3. Describe characteristics of enzymes. (Board 2013) 09406003

Q.4 Describe uses of enzymes. Write uses of enzyme in food, brewing and paper industry.

(Board 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015) 09406004

Q.5. Describe the factors affecting the rate of enzyme action. 09406005

Q.6. Describe the mechanism of enzyme action. (Board 2015) 09406006

Q.7. Describe the specificity of enzymes. (Board 2012, 2013) 09406007

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What is TRUE about enzymes? 09406008

(a) They make biochemical reactions to

proceed spontaneously

(b) They lower the activation energy of a

reaction

choice of substrates

(d) They are needed in large quantities

2. TO what category of molecules do enzymes belong? / Chemically enzymes are; (Board 2011, 13, 15, 16) 09406009

(a) Carbohydrates (b) Lipids

3. What is true about cofactors? 09406010

(a) Break hydrogen bonds in proteins

(b) Help facilitate enzyme activity

(d) Are composed of proteins

4. Prosthetic groups are; 09406011

(a) Required by all enzymes

(b) Loosely attached with enzymes

(d) Tightly bound to enzyme

5. When we add more substrate to an already occurring enzymatic reaction and there is no increase in the rate of reaction, what would you predict? 09406012

(a) All active sites have been occupied by

substrate molecules

(b) The enzyme molecules have denatured

(d) More substrate has disturbed the pH of

the medium

6. Which of these graphs correctly shows the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction? 09406013

7. The substance on which an enzyme acts is called: 09406014

(a) Cofactor (b) Inhibitor

8. Non- protein part of enzymes are: 09406015

(a) Inhibitors (b) Substrate

9. Optimum temperature for enzymes of human body is: 09406016

(a) 86°C (b) 37°C

10. Activation energy is required to: 09406017

(a) Activate enzyme

(b) Start a reaction

(d) None of these

11. Lock and Key Model was proposed by:

(a) Emil Fischer (b) Meischer 09406018

12. Induced Fit model was proposed by: 09406019

(a) Emil Fischer (b) Koshaland

13. Enzyme which breaks the peptide bonds:

(a) Amylase (b) Protease 09406020

14. Which enzyme converts lipids into fatty acid and glycerol? 09406021

(a) Lipase (b) Amylase

15. Number of discovered enzymes are more than; (Board 2011) 09406022

(a) 200 (b) 2000

16. If you add more substrate to already occurring enzymatic reaction and it has no effect on the rate of reaction, result will be: 09406023

(a) Saturation (b) Denaturation

17. The active site of an enzyme; 09406024

(a) Never changes

(b) Forms no chemical bond with substrate

(c Determines by its structure the

specificity of the enzyme.

(d) Looks like a lump projecting from the

surface of an enzyme.

18. Enzymes have all the characters EXCEPT;

(a) They consist of proteins with or

without a non-protein part 09406025

(b) They change the rate of catalyzed

reaction

(d) They are non-specific in their action

19. The covalently bonded co-factors are:

(a) Activators 09406026

(b) Prosthetic group

(d) Prosthetic group and coenzyme

20. Reaction can take place without enzyme but; 09406027

(a) Reaction will be more fast

(b) At the same speed as that with enzyme

(d) Speed of the reaction will be slow

21. Active site; 09406028

(a) Is the small catalytic region of enzyme molecule

(b) Is non-charge bearing site

molecule

(d) Is not a part of an enzyme

22. Enzyme always react with a specific substrate because of; 09406029

(a) Specific shape and specific amino

acids

(b) Specific prosthetic group

(d) Specific coenzyme

23. Emil Fischer proposed the Lock and Key Model in: 09406030

(a) 1890 (b) 1800

24. The concept of metabolism was first of all given by; 09406031

(a) Jabir bin Hayan (b) Ibn-e-Nafees

25. All of the following are vitamins EXCEPT: 09406032

(a) Riboflavin (b) Thiamine

26. It helps in the transport of chemical groups from one enzyme to another? 09406033

(a) Cofactors (b) Coenzymes

27. Enzyme activity can also be regulated by;

(a) Inhibitors 09406034

(b) Activators

(d) Temperature above 37^OC

28. Cofactors are; 09406035

(a) Protein molecules

(b) Lipid molecules

(d) Starch molecules

29. Enzymes are used in; 09406036

(a) Food industry

(b) Brewing industry

(d) All of the above

30. More acceptable model for enzymes is:

(a) Induced Fit model 09406037

(b) Lock and Key model

model

(d) Enzyme substrate model

31. The example of co-enzyme is; 09406038

(a) Pyruvic acid

(b) Thiamine

(d) Folic acid and Thiamine

32. Enzymes may be; 09406039

(a) Intracellular

(b) Extracellular

(d) Intracellular and extra-celluar

33. Pepsin is active in? 09406040

(a) Acid (b) Base

34. According to which model, active site is not a rigid structure rather it is moulded into the required shape to perform its function? 09406041

(a) Fluid Mosaic model

(b) Lock and Key model

(d) Enzyme Substrate model

35. Lipase enzyme acts only on lipids and digests them into; 09406042

(a) Fatty acids and glycerol

(b) Glycerol

(d) Amino acids

36. Both enzyme and substrate possess specific shapes that fit exactly into one another according to: 09406043

(a) Induced Fit model

(b) Lock and Key model

(d) Enzyme Substrate model

37. When ES complex breaks, it releases:

(a) Enzyme 09406044

(b) Product

(d) Enzyme and product

38. Enzyme attaches with substrate to form:

(a) Product (b) Reactant 09406045

39. All enzymes work at their maximum rate at a narrow range of pH, called; 09406046

(a) Optimum temperature

(b) Optimum pH

(d) Saturation of active sites

40. When the active sites of all enzymes are occupied, any more substrate molecules do not find free active sites. This state is called;

(a) Denaturation of enzyme 09406047

(b) Saturation of active sites

(d) Optimum temperature

41. Example of globular proteins is:

(a) Hormones (b) Enzymes 09406048

42. All biochemical catalysts are; 09406049

(a) Lipids (b) Proteins

43. Enzymes are usually very specific for the;

(a) Type of reaction 09406050

(b) For the nature of their substrate

nature of their substrates

(d) Rate of reaction

44. Only a small portion of enzyme molecule is directly involved in catalysis. This catalytic region is known is; 09406051

(a) Inactive site

(b) Active site

(d) Active and inactive site

45. Nature of flavin as a cofactor is: 09406052

(a) Inorganic (b) Metal ions

46. Nature of metal ion as a cofactor is:

(a) Inorganic 09406053

(b) Organic

(d) Metalloids

47. Which of the following are not vitamins?

09406054

(a) Riboflavin (b) Thiamine

48. Enzymes are used in the production of;

(a) White bread 09406055

(b) Alcohol

(d) Alcohol and white bread

49. Enzymes are extensively used in different industries for; 09406056

(a) Fast chemical reactions

(b) Slow chemical reactions

(d) Very slow chemical reactions

50. In paper making, starch is broken by enzyme to lower its: 09406057

(a) Density (b) Viscosity

51. Enzymes are used in; 09406058

(a) Fermentation

(b) Production of alcohol

alcohol

(d) Steel production

52. Some vitamins acts as; 09406059

(a) Enzymes (b) Inhibitors

53. Enzymes are very ___________ to the environment in which they work. 09406060

(a) Sensitive (b) Not sensitive

(d) Crucial

54. Ionization of amino acids at the active site is affected by; 09406061

(a) Change in temperature

(b) Change in substrate concentration

(d) Change in temperature and substrate

concentration

55. “The body and its parts are always undergoing change” it is stated by: 09406062

(a) Winhelm Kuhne (b) Daniel Koshland

56. Term which is derived from a Greek word meaning change: 09406063

(a) Anabolism (b) Catabolsim

57. Set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life is called; 09406064

(a) Catabolsim (b) Anabolism

58. The biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are synthesized are called:

(a) Anabolism 09406065

(b) Metabolism

(d) Digestive reactions

59. The biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down are called; 09406066

(a) Metabolism (b) Catabolism

60. Energy yielding process is; 09406067

(a) Anabolism (b) Catabolism

61. Energy is consumed in: 09406068

(a) Metabolism (b) Anabolism

62. Enzymes act as; 09406069

(a) Catalysts

(b) Biocatalysts

(d) Barrier to fast reaction

63.In the presence of enzymes, reactions proceed at a; 09406070

(a) Slower rate (b) Faster rate

64. Which of the following are not changed during the biochemical reactions? 09406071

(a) Substrates (b) Products

65. Enzymes convert the substrates into different molecules called; 09406072

(a) Reactants (b) Products

66. Trypsin enzyme works in; (Board 2014)

09406073

(a) Stomach (b) Large Intestine

67. Starch is broken down by an enzyme

called; (Board 2014) 09406074

(a) Lipase (b) Pepsin

68. The term metabolism is derived form which language; 09406075

(a) Latin (b) Greek

Short Answer Questions

Q:1. Define Activation energy. Write its role in enzyme action. (Board 2015) 09406076

Q:2. What is meant by active site? / What is meant by enzyme active site? Give its role in enzyme activity. (Board 2015) 09406077

Q:3. On what substrate does Amylase act? 09406078

Q:4. Define Anabolism.(Board 2011,16) 09406079

Q:5. Define Biocatalysts? 09406080

Q:6. Define Catabolism.(Board 2011, 14,16) 09406081

Q:7. Define Co-enzymes. Give their function. (Board 2013, 15) 09406082

Q:8. Define Co-factors. 09406083

Q:9. What is denaturation of an enzyme? (Board 2016) 09406084

Q:10. What is optimum pH? (Board 2014) 09406085

Q:11. What is Optimum Temperature? / What is meant by optimum temperature of enzyme? (Board – 2014,16) 09406086

Q:12. Define Enzymes. 09406087

Q:13. What is Enzyme Substrate Complex? 09406088

Q:14. Give function of lipase? 09406089

Q:15. Describe Lock and Key model. (Board 2012) 09406090

Q:16. Define Metabolism. Who gave the concept of metabolism? (Board 2013)09406091

Q:17. What do you know about the product of the reaction? 09406092

Q:18. What do you mean by saturation of active sites? 09406093

Q:19. What are Substrates? (Board 2013, 14)

09406094

Q:20. What is Prosthetic Group? / What do you mean by prosthetic group?(Board -2014)

09406095

Q:21. Describe Induced Fit model. 09406096

Induced Fit model is more acceptable than Lock and Key model of enzyme action. Explain.

Q:22. What is optimum temperature for human enzymes? (Board -2014) 09406097

Q:23. How do enzymes lower the activation energy? 09406098

Q:24. Define protease. 09406099

Q:25. What is the main use of enzymes in paper industry? (Board 2013) 09406100

Q:26. Differentiate between intra-cellular and extra-cellular enzymes? 09406101

Q.27. Describe any two uses of enzymes. / Name industries where enzymes are used. (Board – 2014, 16) 09406102

Q.28. Are all biochemical catalysts proteins? 09406103

Q.29. Who first used the term enzyme? (Board 2015) 09406104

Q.30. Name only factors affecting the rate of enzyme action. (Board 2015) 09406105

Q.31. How does temperature affect the rate of enzyme action? (Board 2013) 09406106

Q. 32. Explain briefly the term “metabolism”. 09406107

Q.33. Birds have higher body temperature than mammals. What would happen to the activity of a bird’s enzyme if it is given temperature of 37°C? 09406108

Q.34. Define Metabolism. 09406109

Q.35. What do you mean by specificity of enzymes? 09406110

Q.36. How do enzymes create metabolic pathways? 09406111

Q.37. Write down the characteristics of enzymes: (Board 2016) 09406112

BIOENERGETICS

UNIT 7

Q.1. What do you know about energy of living organisms? Give its forms. 09407001

Q.2. Describe bioenergetics and the role of ATP. 09407002

Q.3. (a) How would you define bioenergetics while relating it to the oxidation-reduction reactions in living systems? 09407003

(b) How do electrons act as an energy source? How is energy released during oxidation and reduction reactions in living organism?

Q4.(a) Interpret that ATP is the chief energy currency of all cells. 09407004

(b) Describe the molecular structure of ATP.

Q.5. What do you know about energy values during the breaking of ATP? 09407005

Q.6. (a) Define photosynthesis. Discuss it with its chemical equation. 09407006

(b) How does the intake of water and CO₂ take place for photosynthesis? OR

Which phenomenon is involved in the intake of CO₂ and water by plants?

Q.7. Describe the mechanism of photosynthesis in detail. 09407007

Q.8. Explain the role of chlorophyll and light in photosynthesis. (Board 2015) 09407008

Q.9. Explain the limiting factors in photosynthesis. (Board 2011) 09407009

Q.10. Define respiration. Describe its types and importance. 09407010

Q.11. Describe mechanism of respiration. (Board 2014, 16) 09407011

Q.12. Describe energy budget of respiration. 09407012

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. In which of the following steps of respiration is CO₂ produced? 09407013

(a) Glycolysis

(b) Krebs cycle

(d) All of these

2. Oxygen takes part in aerobic respiration in;

(a) Glycolysis 09407014

(b) Krebs cycle

(d) Both b & c

3. When a plant was kept in darkness for many days, its leaves turned yellow. Why?

(a) Leaves could not get oxygen and so

there was no photosynthesis 09407015

(b) Leaves could not get light and so there

was no respiration

there was no respiration

(d) Leaves could not get light and so there was no photosynthesis.

4. From which bonds of ATP molecule is energy taken? 09407016

(a) P~P bonds (b) C-H bonds

5. In which component of the leaf cells, is chlorophyll present? 09407017

(a) Stroma

(b) Thylakoids

(d) Cytoplasm

6. Which of these can enter into Krebs cycle?

(a) Glucose 09407018

(b) Pyruvic acid

(d) Acetyl Co – A

7. When we work hard we suffer, from muscle fatigue because muscle cells;

(a) Carry out aerobic respiration at faster rate and so are tired 09407019

(b) Carry out anaerobic respiration and so accumulate more CO₂

(d) Carry out aerobic respiration at faster rate and so accumulate lactic acid

8. How many molecules of CO₂ are produced when Krebs cycle operates once?

(a) 01 (b) 02 (Board 2015)09407020

9. The organisms which get the prepared food are: 09407021

(a) Fungi (b) Bacteria

10. Example of reactions which is direct source of energy: 09407022

(a) Oxidation (b) Redox

11. Redox reactions involve exchange of: (a) Electrons (b) Protons 09407023

12. In living organisms, redox reactions involve the loss and gain of: 09407024

(a) Oxygen (b) Carbon

13. The major energy currency of all cells is:

(a) ADP (b) ATP 09407025

14. Number of carbon atoms attached to ribose sugar; 09407026

(a) Two (b) Three

15. Number of P-bonds in an ATP molecule. (Board 2011) 09407027

(a) Two (b) Nine
(c) Six (d) Four

16. The breaking of one phosphate bond from ATP releases energy: 09407028

(a) 7.9 Kcal (b) 7.5 Kcal

17. Photosynthesis is an example of: 09407029

(a) Metabolic process

(b) Catabolic process

(d) Chemical process

18. Dark reactions take place in: 09407030

(a) Stroma (b) Mitochondria

19. Example of co-enzyme is: 09407031

(a) NAD⁺ (b) NADH

20. The raw materials in photosynthesis are;

(a) Water, Oxygen 09407032

(b) CO₂, O₂

(d) Glucose, Water

21. The water from the soil enters into the root hairs by the process of ; 09407033

(a) Photosynthesis (b) Osmosis

22. The air enters the leaf through:

(a) Pits (b) Stomata 09407034

23. The light reactions of photosynthesis take place on the: 09407035

(a) Stroma

(b) Thylakoid membrane

24. The reactions which do not require light during photosynthesis are called: 09407036

(a) Chemical reaction (b) Redox reaction

25. Electrons are passed to ETC to produce:

(a) AMP (b) ATP 09407037

26. The 6-carbon compounds during the dark reactions of photosynthesis split into two ___ carbon compounds. 09407038

(a) 5 (b) 3

27. How much percentage of the light falling

on the leaf surface is absorbed; 09407039

(a) 1% (b) 2% (Board – 2014)

28. Exchange of water vapours and gases occurs in leaf through; 09407040

(a) Stomata (b) Epidermis

29. Any environmental factor, the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reactions is known as;

(a) Unlimited factor 09407041

(b) Limiting factor

(d) None of these

30. Vessels, which transport water and salts to the plant are the components of: 09407042

(a) Xylem (b) Phloem

31. Photosynthesis takes place in: 09407043

(a) Chloroplasts (b) Cytoplasm

32. Final products of anaerobic respiration are:

(a) Lactic acid (b) Ethanol 09407044

33. Glycolysis occurs in: 09407045

(a) Cytoplasm (b) Stroma

34. Fungi Aspergillus is used for making:

(a) Yogurt (b) Cheese 09407046

35. Pyruvic acid is a carbon compound.

(a) 5 (b) 4 09407047

36. In which of the following metabolic process, oxidation as well as reduction of molecules occur? 09407048

(a) Photosynthesis (b) Respiration

37. Chlorophyllous pigment absorbs maximum light in wavelengths of: 09407049

(a) Green and blue (Board 2011)

(b) Green and red

(b) Green only

(d) Red and blue

38. ATP was discovered by: (Board 2011)

(a) Schwann (b) J. Purkinji 09407050

39. How many ATP molecules are formed

during cellular respiration: (Board–2014)

(a) 40 (b) 38 09407051

40. The covalent bond connecting two 09407052 phosphates is indicated by: (Board–2014)

(a) Ratio (b) Proportion

41. All of the statements are true about ATP EXCEPT: 09407053

(a) It is used as an energy currency by all

cells

(b) It is formed only under aerobic

conditions

synthesis of storage compounds

(d) It provides the energy for many

different biochemical reactions

42. In Glycolysis: 09407054

(a) No ATP Produces

(b) Oxygen is involved in this step

(d) Reduces two molecules of NAD⁺ for

every glucose molecule processed

43. The Krebs cycle: 09407055

(a) Takes place in the mitochondrion

(b) Reduces two molecules of NAD + for every glucose molecule processed

(d) Has no connection with the respiratory chain.

44. At much higher light intensity the rate of photosynthesis: 09407056

(a) Increases

(b) Decreases

(d) First increases then decreases

45. The quantitative study of energy relationships in the biological system is called: 09407057

(a) Biochemistry (b) Biotechnology

46. Electrons can be an energy source. It depends upon their: 09407058

(a) Location in atoms

(b) Arrangement in atoms

(d) Shape

47. ATP discovered by Karl Lohmann in:

(a) 1822 (b) 1929 09407059

48. Adenine is a: 09407060

(a) Double ringed nitrogenous base

(b) Single ringed nitrogenous base

(d) Linear chain of hydrocarbons

49. Light dependent reaction is:

(a) Dark reaction or Calvin cycle

(b) Light reaction 09407061

(d) Glycolysis

50. Which of the following is not a limiting factor in photosynthesis? 09407062

(a) Light intensity

(b) Temperature

(d) Concentration of CO₂

51. Soya sauce is produced by:

(a) Pencilium 09407063

(b) Aspergillus

(d) Puccinia

52. Process of photosynthesis take place in: 09407064

(a) Chromoplast (b) Leucoplast

(c Chloroplast (d) Mitochondria

53. The photosynthetic pigments are organized in the form of clusters are called; 09407065

(a) Chlorophyll a (b) Chlorophyll b

(c Photosystems (d) Carotenoids

54. ATP is the main energy source for all except; 09407066

(a) Synthesis of macromolecules

(b) Movement and transmission of nerve impulses

(c Exocytosis and endocytosis

(d) Diffusion

55. Energy stored in chemical bonds is:

(a) Potential energy 09407067

(b) Kinetic energy

(d) Heat energy

56. After the entry of water in the inner cells of the root, it first reaches; 09407068

(a) Stem

(b) Xylem cells of roots

(d) Leaves

57. ATP is the main energy transfer molecule in the cell was proposed by: 09407069

(a) Karl Lohmann

(b) Fritz Lipmann

(c Calvin

(d) Hans Krebs

58. Accessory pigments include; 09407070

(a) Chlorophyll-a

(b) Chlorophyll-b

(c Carotenoids

(d) Chlorophyll-b and carotenoids

59. Main photosynthetic pigment; (Board 2016)

(a) Chlorophyll-a 09407071

(b) Chlorophyll-b

(d) Chlorophyll b and carotenoids

60. When a molecule gains hydrogen atom it is also called; 09407072

(a) Oxidation

(b) Reduction

(d) Oxidation and reduction reaction

61. When a molecule loses a hydrogen atom, it is called: 09407073

(a) Oxidation

(b) Reduction

(d) Oxidation and reduction reaction

62. A double – ringed nitrogenous base is:

(a) Cytosine (b) Uracil 09407074

63. The covalent bond connecting two phosphates in ATP is indicated by; 09407075

(a) _______ (b) …….

(c ~ (d) ,

64. Calvin was awarded Nobel Prize in 1961 for his work on the details of; 09407076

(a) Respiration (b) Transpiration

65. Pigments are the substances that absorb;.

(a) Invisible light 09407077

(b) Visible light

(d) Vapours

66. The most common fuel used by cell to get energy by cellular respiration is; 09407078

(a) Starch (b) Lipids

67. The cellular respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen is called; 09407079

(a) Redox Reaction

(b) Anaerobic respiration

(d) Oxidation Reduction Reaction

68. The cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen is called; 09407080

(a) Anaerobic respiration

(b) Oxidation reduction reaction

(d) Redox reactions

69. A glucose is a molecule of; 09407081

(a) 3 – C (b) 6 – C

70. The example of 3 – C molecule is; 09407082

(a) Glucose (b) Ribose

71. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in; 09407083

(a) Bacteria

(b) Yeast

72. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in; 09407084

(a) Protozoans

(b) Skeletal Muscles of humans

(d) Yeasts

73. The organisms which get energy from anaerobic respiration are called; 09407085

(a) Aerobes

(b) Anaerobes

(d) None of the above

74. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is broken down into; 09407086

(a) C₂H₅OH

(b) CO₂

(d) C₂H₅OH and CO₂

75. In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into; 09407087

(a) C₂H₅OH (b) C₃H₆O₃

76. Fermentation in yeasts is used in; 09407088

(a) Brewing

(b) Baking

(d) Brewing and Baking

77. In cellular respiration, food is oxidized to CO₂, while O₂ is reduced into; 09407089

(a) C₂H₁₂O₆

(b) H₂O

(d) C₂H₆O₃

78. When life evolved on the earth, early organisms respired; 09407090

(a) Aerobically

(b) Anaerobically

(d) By diffusion

79. Final step of cellular respiration is: 09407091

(a) Electron Transport chain

(b) Krebs cycle

(d) Lactic acid fermentation

80. The NADH generated in glycolysis gives: 09407092

(a) 2 ATP (b) 3ATP

81. Each NADH produces how many ATP molecules in Electron transport chain?

(a) 2 (b) 3 09407093

82. Each FADH₂ produces ATP molecules;

(a) 2 (b) 3 09407094

83. How many molecules are spent to transport NADH of glycolysis across the mitochondrial membrane? 09407095

(a) 1 (b) 2

84. Hans Krebs was a British: 09407096

(a) Chemist (b) Biochemist

85. Before entering Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is changed into a 2 – carbon compound called; 09407097

(a) Coenzyme – A (b) Acetyl CoA

86. 6 NADH of Krebs cycle produces ATP molecules: 09407098

(a) 4 (b) 6

(c 18 (d) 36

87. 2 FADH₂ of Krebs cycle produces ATP molecules: 09407099

(a) 2 (b) 6

(c 4 (d) 18

88. During anaerobic oxidation of glucose molecule how many molecules of ATP are gained as the net profit? 09407100

(a) 2 (b) 4

89. Anaerobic respiration is important because it is a source of; 09407101

(a) Energy for anaerobic organisms

(b) Source of energy for aerobic organisms

in large supply of O₂

(d) Maximum release of energy

90. Site of occurrence for aerobic respiration is;

(a) Cytoplasm 09407102

(b) Mitochondria

(d) Golgi apparatus

91. Final products of aerobic respiration are;

(a) H₂O 09407103

(b) Lactic acid and CO₂

(d) CO₂ and H₂O

92. Organisms not capable of photosynthesis are; 09407104

(a) Some bacteria (b) All algae

93. Chloroplasts are the site of occurrence for;

(a) Respiration 09407105

(b) Photosynthesis

(d) Transpiration

94. Respiration takes place; 09407106

(a) In daytime only

(b) All the time

(d) In presence of darkness

95. Photosynthesis is a; 09407107

(a) Process in which bond energy

transformed into chemical energy of ATP

(b) Process of investment of light energy

to store it in the form of bond energy

(d) Process which occurs all the time

96. The example of catabolism is; 09407108

(a) Photosynthesis (b) Respiration

97. In which process of aerobic respiration does oxygen take part? 09407109

(a) Glycolysis

(b) Krebs cycle

(d) Electron Transport Chain

98. Energy stored in chemical bond is:

(a) Potential energy (Board 2013) 09407110

(b) Kinetic energy

(d) Both (a) & (b)

99. The process of glycolysis occurs in:

(a) Mitochondria (Board 2015) 09407111

(b) Cytoplasm

(d) Nucleus

100. Muscle fatigue is caused by: 09407112

(a) Pyruvic acid (b) Lactic acid

101. Respiration process advantageous for life is: 09407113

(a) Aerobic

(b) Anaerobic

(d) All above

102. ATP is an example of: (Board 2016)

(a) Amino acid 09407114

(b) Fatty acid

(d) Nucleotide

Short Answers Questions

Q.1. What is acetyl Co-A? 09407115

Q.2. Describe structure of adenine. 09407116

Q.3. What is ADP? 09407117

Q.4. Define aerobic respiration. 09407118

(Board 2011, 13, 15, 16)

Q.5. What is Alcoholic fermentation? (Board 2011) 09407119

Q.6. What is AMP? 09407120

Q.7. Define anaerobic respiration (Fermentation). (Board 2015, 16) 09407121

Q.8.What is ATP? (Board 2011) 09407122

Q.9. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (Board 2015) 09407123

Q.10. Define bioenergetics. 09407124

Q.11. What is Calvin cycle? 09407125

Q.12. What is Chlorophyll? 09407126

Q.13. Define Coenzyme –A. 09407127

Q.14. Define Electron Transport Chain (ETC). (Board 2012) 09407128

Q.15. What is FAD? 09407129

Q.16. What is glycolysis? 09407130

Q.17. What is Krebs cycle? (Board 2015) 09407131

Q.18. What is Lactic acid Fermentation?

09407132

Q.19. Define light-dependent reactions, or light reactions. (Board 2014) 09407133

Q.20. What are limiting factors? 09407134

Q.21. NADPH stands for what? 09407136

Q.22. Define Oxidation and Reduction reactions. (Board 2014) 09407137

Q.23. Define photolysis.(Board 2016) 09407138

Q.24. Define photosynthesis. (Board 2011, 13) 09407139

Q.25. Define photosystems. 09407140

Q.26. Define Pigments Explain its types. 09407141

Q.27. What is pyruvic acid? 09407142

Q.28. What is respiration / cellular respiration? (Board 2014) 09407143

Q.29. Why it is said that all life depends on photosynthesis? (Board 2013) 09407144

Q.30. What do you mean by Z-scheme? 09407145

Q.31. What is Light Independent Reaction (Dark Reaction)? (Board 2014) 09407146

Q.32. What are redox reactions? (Board 2013) 09407147

Q.33. Who discovered ATP and who proposed it as energy-transfer molecule in the living cell? 09407148

Q.34. Enlist the functions which are performed / carried out due to ATP?09407149

Q.35. How much is energy released when one phosphate bond breaks in an ATP molecule? 09407150

Q.36. What is the major energy currency in all living cells? 09407151

Q.37. What are the conversion equations for ATP to AMP? 09407152

Q.38. Write the general equation for photosynthesis. 09407153

Q.39. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis? 09407154

Q.40. Define Osmosis. 09407155

Q.41. How much is the leaf surface covered by stomata? 09407156

Q.42. What are the locations for the occurrence of light and dark reactions?

09407157

Q.43. ATP, ADP and AMP stands for what? (Board 2014) 09407158

Q.44. What are Vascular tissues? 09407159

Q.45. What is (NAD⁺)? 09407160

Q.46. Define anaerobes. 09407161

Q.47. Can all organisms do the process of photosynthesis? 09407162

Q.48. What do you know about Hans Krebs? 09407163

Q.49 Why is it incorrect to say that the energy releasing step of respiration is electron transport chain? 09407164

Q.50 Differentiate between respiration and photosynthesis. 09407165

UNIT 8

NUTRITION

Q.1. Define nutrition and nutrients. 09408001

Q.2. Describe types of organisms on the basis of nutrition. (Board 2013) 09408002

Q.3. How do plants get their food? Explain briefly. 09408003

Q.4. Define macronutrients and micronutrients. Explain mineral requirements of plants in detail? (Board 2011, 2012, 2013) 09408004

Q.5. What is the role of nitrogen and magnesium in plant growth? (Board 2011) 09408005

Q.6. How are inorganic and organic fertilizers important in agriculture? / Describe the importance of fertilizers. (Board 2016) 09408006

Q.7. Discuss the hazards of environment related to fertilizers’ use. 09408007

Q.8. Describe the sources, energy values and functions of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in detail. 09408008

Q.9. What are minerals? Discuss their roles in human body. 09408009

Q.10. Describe the role of calcium and iron in our diet. / Describe the role of calcium & iron in human growth. (Board 2014, 15, 16) 09408010

Q.11. Define vitamins. Describe different types of vitamins. 09408011

Q.12. Why are water and dietary fibres considered important in our diets? (Board 2012, 13)

09408012

Q.13. What is balanced diet? How would you relate it with age, sex and activity? 09408013

Q.14. Define malnutrition. Describe its importance and forms. 09408014

Q.15. Describe effects of malnutrition. (Board -2014) 09408015

Q.16. Describe famine as the major cause of malnutrition. 09408016

Q.17. What is the importance of digestion? / Why is there need of digestion in humans? 09408017

Q.18. Describe digestion and its phases. 09408018

Q.19. Explain various parts of digestive system and process of digestion and absorption in detail. 09408019

Q.20. Describe the structure and functions of liver. 09408020

Q.21. Briefly give the signs and symptoms, causes, treatments and preventions of diarrhoea, constipation and ulcer. 09408021

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What is the primary nutrient that provides quick useable energy for the body?

(Board 2015) 09408022

(a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins

2. The wavelike movement of muscle that pushes food through the digestive system is called; 09408023

(a) Churning (b) Emulsification

3. Micronutrients of plants are; 09408024

(a) Available in the soil in small amounts

(b) Required by plants in small amounts

(d) Useful, but not required by plants

4. Which of the following does not occur in the oral cavity? 09408025

(a) Lubrication of the food

(b) Beginning of protein digestion

(d) All of the above do occur in the oral cavity

5. Where are the villi found? 09408026

(a) Esophagus (Board 2015)

(b) Stomach

6. Ulcers occur in the; 09408027

(a) Stomach (b) Duodenum

7. Which group of enzymes breaks up starches and other carbohydrates?

(a) Proteases (b) Lipases 09408028

8. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and releases them into the; 09408029

(a) Colon (b) Gallbladder

9. In the stomach, pepsinogen is converted into; 09408030

(a) Pepsin (b) Bicarbonate

10. The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the _________to the .

(a) Small intestines, liver 09408031

(b) Small intestines, heart

(d) Small intestines, colon

11. Which of the following is not a function of the liver? 09408032

(a) Converts glucose to glycogen

(b) Converts glycogen to glucose

(d) Produces digestives enzymes

12. The diseases of Kwashiorkor and marasmus may be due to; 09408033

(a) Mineral deficiency

(b) Over-intake of nutrients

13. Which food group is our body’s best source of energy? 09408034

(a) Meat Group
(b) Fats, oils and sweets

14. What may be the reason that children need more calcium and iron? 09408035

(a) Both calcium and iron for bones

(b) Both calcium and iron for blood

(d) Calcium for bones and iron for blood

15. The process of breaking down large droplets of fat into small droplets of fat is called: 09408036

(a) Emulsification (b) Absorption

16. Macronutrient is the part of chlorophyll: 09408037

(a) Calcium (b) Magnesium

17. Following is not a macronutrient : 09408038

(a) Nitrogen (b) Oxygen

18. Nature of chemically synthesized urea is:

09408039

(a) Organic

(b) Inorganic

(d) None of these

19. Good calcium along with low salt and high potassium intake prevents from: 09408040

(a) Hypertension (b) Kidney stone

20. According to (UNICEF), number of children of underage five died by malnutrition are: 09408041

(a) 4 million (b) 5 million

21. In adult human, the length of esophagus is about; 09408042

(a) 25 cm (b) 25 mm

22. Name of compound that converts inactive pepsinogen into pepsin is: (Board 2015)

(a) H₂SO₄ (b) HCl 09408043

23. Many bacteria in colon produce vitamin necessary for coagulation of blood.

(a) A (b) K 09408044

24. The secretion of liver is: 09408045

(a) Pepsin (b) Bile

25. Caecum, colon and rectum are the parts of: 09408046

(a) Stomach (b) Small intestine

26. Following are not fat-soluble vitamins.

(a) A and D (b) E and K 09408047

27. Rickets develops due to deficiency of vitamin; (Board 2011) 09408048

(a) B (b) A

28. Saliva is alkaline and contains an enzyme:

09408049

(a) Pepsin (b) Ptyalin

(d) Salivary Amylase (d) Both b & c

29. Nitrogen is present in: 09408050

(a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins

30. Mg is present in:

(a) Chlorophyll 09408051

(b) Cytochrome

(d) None of the above

31. Following is not the product of the digestion; 09408052

(a) Simple sugars

(b) Polysaccharides

(d) Fatty acid and glycerol

32. Digestion takes place due to:

(a) Animals need food particles in the

form of smaller molecules 09408053

(b) The large food molecule cannot pass

through cell membrane

their efficiency

(d) None of the above

33. The function of the mucous of the salivary gland is to: 09408054

(a) Digest the food

(b) Make the food chew efficient

(d) Break the food

34. Following is not the function of saliva: 09408055

(a) Digestion of food

(b) Lubrication of food
(c) Stabilization of pH

(d) Absorption of food

35. The Amylase acts on: 09408056

(a) Protein (b) Starch

36. Which of the following steps does not take place during act of swallowing?

(a) Moving of tongue up and down

(b) Upward movement of the larynx

(d) The movement of epiglottis in

horizontal direction

37. The function of the pepsin to convert the protein into: 09408058

(a) Amino acids

(b) Polypeptides

(d) Both b and c

38. Which is true about gastrin? 09408059

(a) It is an enzyme of gastric juice

(b) It is a part of the stomach

juice

(d) It promotes the digestion of proteins

39. Rush of Saliva after an episode of regurgitation is one of the symptoms of:

(a) Constipation 09408060

(b) Ulcer
(c) Diarrhoea

(d) All of above

40. Following enzymes act on fats: 09408061

(a) Amylase (b) Lipase

41. Most of the fatty acids are absorbed by;

(a) Epithelium of the villi 09408062

(b) Lacteal of the villi

(d) None of these

42. Most of the water is absorbed by: 09408063

(a) Oral cavity (b) Stomach

43. The largest gland of human body is: 09408064

(a) Pancreas (b) Thyroid (Board 2011) (c) Liver (d) Parathyroid

44. Bread contains amount of carbohydrates:

(Board 2011) 09408065

(a) 40% (b) 30%
(c) 52% (d) 70%

45. The structure in the mouth that prevents food from entering the nasal cavities is;

(a) Epiglottis (b) Soft palate
(c) Pharynx (d) Tongue 09408066

46. Citrus fruits contain: 09408067

(a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin C

47. % of lipid is present in milk is:

(Board 2014) 09408068

(a) 10% (b) 12%

48. Fat soluble vitamins are: (B – 2014) 09408069

(a) A, B,C,D (b) A, D, E, K

(c)A, C, E, K (d) B,C,E,D

49. Trypsin is present in: 09408070

(a) Bile (b) Gastric juice

50. Proteins are composed of; 09408071

(a) Fatty acids (b) Acetic acid

51. The amount of proteins in rice is; 09408072

(a) 09% (b) 2.2%

52. Which of the following major minerals in our diet is not involved in maintaining fluid balance in the human body? 09408073

(a) Sodium

(b) Potassium

(d) Magnesium and phosphorous

53. Example of a macronutrient:

(a) Manganese (b) Zinc 09408074

54. Nutrition is a process which involves;

(a) Selection of different types of food

(b) Analysis of different types of food

(d) Breakdown of food during respiration

55. Which of the following macronutrient in plants is a component of ATP, nucleic acids and coenzymes, necessary for seed germination, photosynthesis, protein formation etc; 09408076

(a) Potassium (b) Sulphur

56. Following micronutrient is a component of several enzymes: 09408077

(a) Boron (b) Copper

57. Deficiency of nitrogen: 09408078

(a) Increases yield

(b) Causes yellowing of leaves

(d) Causes delay in fruit formation

58. Deficiency of magnesium causes; 09408079

(a) Yellowing and wilting of leaves

(b) Germination of seeds

(d) Delay fruiting

59. Following helps in insulin action: 09408080

(a) Iron (b) Zinc

60. Vitamin A was identified in:

(a) 1914 (b) 1913 09408081

61. Muscle and joint pain, swollen and bleeding gums, slow wounds healing and dry skin are symptoms of; 09408082

(a) Anaemia (b) Arthritis

62. Amount of water in adult human body is: 09408083

(a) 70% (b) 60%

63. The amount of carbohydrates in chicken is: 09408084

(a) 11% (b) 20%

64. Conversion or incorporation of absorbed simple food into complex substances constituting the body is called; 09408085

(a) Defecation (b) Digestion

65. Polysaccharides are digested into; 09408086

(a) Simple sugars

(b) Amino acids

(d) Nucleotides

66. Pairs of salivary glands present in human are: 09408087

(a) Two (b) Three

67. J-shaped dilated part of the alimentary canal is called; 09408088

(a) Small intestine (b) Stomach

68. In an adult human, weight of liver is;

(a) 2.5 kg (b) 1.5 kg 09408089

69. Abdominal burning after meals and abdominal pain are the symptoms of:

(a) Ulcer (b)Diarrhoea 09408090

70. For treatment of constipation it is used: 09408091

(a) Laxative (b) paraffin

(d) Vitamin

71. Parts of large intestine forms T-junction with small intestine is: 09408092

(a) Colon (b) Rectum

72. Person’s cholesterol level can be increased by; 09408093

(a) Saturated fatty acids

(b) Unsaturated fatty acids

(d) Proteins

73. The process of taking in food in body is called; 09408094

(a) Digestion (b) Ingestion

74. Following is not the function of oral cavity; 09408095

(a) Mastication

(b) Selection of food

(d) Absorption

75. Many bacteria live in colon and produces vitamin necessary for the coagulation of blood: 09408096

(a) A (b) B

76. Faeces are temporarily stored in; 09408097

(a) Caecum (b) Colon

77. More carbohydrates are present in:

(a) Bread (b) Rice 09408098

78. More proteins are present in:

(a) Chicken (b) Eggs 09408099

79. More lipids are present in:

(a) Chicken (b) Butter 09408100

80. Which one of the following is not the common form of malnutrition? 09408101

(a) PEM (b) MDD

81. The walls of villus are only; 09408102

(a) Two cell thick

(b) Three cell thick

(d) Many cell thick

82. Humans get vitamin A from; 09408103

(a) Leafy vegetables (b) Beef

83. Water soluble vitamins are; 09408104

(a) A and D (b) E and K

84. Deficiency of vitamin A is the leading cause of; 09408105

(a) Night blindness

(b) Colour blindness

(d) Muscles and joints pain

85. Deficiency of Vitamin A does not cause;

09408106

(a) Poor growth (b) Blindness

86. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes; 09408107

(a) Fatigue

(b) Fatigue and Poor healing

(d) Blindness

87. Deficiency of Vitamin D causes; 09408108

(a) Rickets

(b) Osteomalacia

(d) Scurvy

88. The estimated water requirement of an average adult per day is; 09408109

(a) 3 litres (b) 2 litres

89. The term anemia literally means; 09408110

(a) Lack of blood

(b) Excess of blood

(d) Lack of minerals

90. Elimination of undigested food from the body is called: (Board 2014) 09408111

(a) Ingestion

(b) Absorption

(d) None of these

91. Gastrin stimulates gastric glands to secrete more: 09408112

(a) Bile

(b) Gastric Juice

(d) Intestinal juice

92. Gland which is not associated with alimentary canal is; 09408113

(a) Liver

(b) Pancreas

(d) Thyroid gland

93. The length of duodenum is: 09408114

(a) 2.4 meters (b) 25cm

94. Length of Jejunum is; 09408115

(a) 2.4 meters (b) 10 inches

(d) 25 cm

95. Space behind the mouth is called; 09408116

(a) Pharynx

(b) Oesophagus

(d) Stomach

96. After digestion, the diffusible molecules from the digestive system reach body cells through; 09408117

(a) Tissue fluid (b) Blood

97. Products of digestion are; 09408118

(a) Proteins

(b) Glycogen

and glycerol

(d) Lipids

98. The colour of Gallbladder is; 09408119

(a) Dark reddish (b) Greenish yellow

99. Which one is not present in gastric juice?

(a) Trypsin (b) Pepsinogen 09408120

100.The main cause of diarrhoea includes;

(a) Viral infections of large intestine

(b) Bacterial infections of large intestine

(d) All of the above

101. Function of liver is: 09408122

(a) Converts lipids into carbohydrates and

proteins

(b) Deamination

(d) Deamination and destruction of old red

blood cells

102. Nitrogen is not a major component of;

(a) Proteins 09408123

(b) Hormones and Chlorophyll

(d) Lipids

103. Organic fertilizers are derived from;

(a) Plant materials 09408124

(b) Animal materials

(d) Plant and animal materials.

104. It helps in blood clotting; (Board 2013)09408125

(a) Calcium (b) Phosphorus

105. One gram of lipids contains energy (kilocalories); (Board 2013) 09408126

(a) 04 (b) 09

106. Sphincter present between stomach and oesophagus is: 09408127

(a) Cardiac sphincter

(b) Pyloric sphincter

(d) Ileocolic sphincter

107. Energy present in one gram of carbohydrates is: (Board 2015) 09408128

(a) 4 kilo calories

(b) 3 kilo calories

(c 2 kilo calories

(d) 5 kilo calories

108. Deficiency of which element causes the yellowing of leaves in plants:

(Board 2013) 09408129

(a) Zinc (b) Copper

(c Magnesium (d) Chlorine

109. Following is part of digestive system? 09408130

(a) Lungs (b) Oral cavity

110. Micronutrient involved in osmosis of water is: 09408131

(a) Zinc (b) Chlorine

111. Micronutrient required for nitrogen metabolism is: 09408132

(a) Zinc (b) Chlorine

112. In apple percentage of protein is:

(a) 12.8% (b) 0.5% 09408133

113. In eggs percentage of lipids is:

(a) 0.7% (b) 12% 09408134

114. In butter percentage of protein is:

(a) 0.4% (b) 0.5% 09408135

115. Scurvy is caused due to deficiency of ____ in body: (Board 2016) 09408136

(a) Protein (b) Vitamin C

116. Deficiency of iodine causes: (Board 2016)

(a) Goiter (b) Anemia 09408137

Short Answers Questions

Q.1. What is amylase? 09408138

Q.2. Describe anaemia? 09408139

Q.3. What is appendix? 09408140

Q.4. What is assimilation? 09408141

Q.5. Define balanced diet?

(Board 2011, 16) 09408142

Q.6. Differentiate between bolus and chyme. (Board 2015) 09408143

Q.7. What is cardiac sphincter? 09408144

Q.8. Enlist sources of vitamin D? (Board 2015) 09408145

Q.9. What do you know about colon? 09408146

Q.10. What is constipation? (Board 2015)

09408147

Q.11. What is Diarrhoea? Write its two causes. (Board 2015) 09408148

Q.12. What are dietary fibres? (Board 2011, 2014, 2015) 09408149

Q.13. Define Digestion. (Board 2013, 15) 09408150

Q.14. Describe the structure of duodenum? 09408151

Q.15. What is emulsification? 09408152

1. Q.16. Define epiglottis and glottis? 09408153

Q.17. What is Famine? 09408154

Q.18. What are Fat – soluble vitamins? 09408155

Q.19. What are fertilizers? 09408156

Q.20. Write composition of gastric juice. Where is it secreted? 09408157

Q.21. What is gastrin? 09408158

Q.22. What is Goiter? 09408159

Q.23. What is ileum? 09408160

Q.24. Define inorganic fertilizers.

(Board 2013, 2014) 09408161

Q.25. What do you know about intestinal juice? 09408162

Q.26. What is Jejunum? 09408163

Q.27. What is Kwashiorkor?

(Board 2011) 09408164

Q.28. What is lacteal? 09408165

Q.29. What is Lipase? 09408166

Q.30. What do you know about liver? Give its two functions. 09408167

Q.31. What is malnutrition? How can you compare it from starvation? 09408168

Q.32. What is marasmus?(Board 2012) 09408169

Q.33. What is mineral deficiency? 09408170

Q.34. What do you know about nutrition? 09408171

Q.35. What is Oesophagus? 09408172

Q.36. What is oral cavity? 09408173

Q.37. Define organic fertilizers.

(Board 2013)09408174

Q.38. What do you know about over intake of nutrients? 09408175

Q.39. What is Pancreas? 09408176

Q.40. What is pancreatic juice? 09408177

Q.41. What is pepsin? 09408178

Q.42. What is Pepsinogen? 09408179

Q.43. What is peristalsis? 09408180

Q.44. Where is pharynx located? 09408181

Q.45. What is Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)? (Board 2011) 09408182

Q.46. What is pyloric sphincter? 09408183

Q.47. What is rectum? Give its function.

09408184

Q.48. What is Saliva? Give its function. 09408185

Q.49. What is Starvation? 09408186

Q.50. What is stomach? 09408187

Q.51. What are trace minerals? 09408188

Q.52. What are villi? 09408189

Q.53. What are laxatives? 09408190

Q.54. What is swallowing? 09408191

Q.55. What is Trypsin? 09408192

Q.56. What are Vitamins? (Board 2016)09408193

Q.57. What are water-soluble vitamins? 09408194

Q.58. Why is meat not a good source of vitamin C? (Board 2011) 09408195

Q.59. Give two functions of large intestine. (Board 2013) 09408196

Q.60. Define micronutrient with examples. (Board – 2014) 09408197

Q.61. What are unsaturated fatty acids? (Board – 2014) 09408198

Q.62. Write two reasons of stomach ulcer. (Board – 2014) 09408199

Q.63. Write main food sources of proteins in human diet. (Board -2014, 16) 09408200

Q.64. Write names of diseases due to deficiency of Vitamin D. (Board 2014) 09408201

Q.65. Why have carnivorous plants evolved mechanism for trapping and digesting small animals? 09408202

Q.66. What is the most common source of energy for body? 09408203

Q.67. What is the cause of increased cholesterol and what are its effects? 09408204

Q.68. What do you know about WFP? 09408205

Q.69. What are bile pigments? 09408206

Q.70. What is appendix? What happens in case of inflammation of appendix? 09408207

Q.71. What are the harmful effects of carbonated soft drinks? 09408208

Q.72. Name three parts of large intestine.

(Board 2015) 09408209

Q.73. Explain with example that distinction between organic and inorganic fertilizers is not always clear cut?

(Board 2013) 09408210

Q.74. What are macronutrients? Give an example. (Board 2013) 09408211

Q.75. How is water important in our diet?

(Board 2015) 09408212

Q.76. What is the function of iron and calcium in our diet? (Board 2015) 09408213

Q.77. Why does every organism need food.

09408214

Q.78. If we supply inorganic and organic fertilizers to a plant, which one would be first available to the plant for uptake?

09408215

Q.79. How many children (under age five) die each year due to malnutrition? 09408216

Q.80. How do vomiting result? 09408217

Q.81. Pepsin is a powerful protein digesting enzyme. Why does it not digest the stomach walls, which are mostly proteins? 09408218

Q.82. Which vitamin is produced in colon? Write its function. 09408219

Q.83. Write the importance of organic fertilizers. 09408220

Q.84. What is Eutrophication? 09408221

Q.85. Write two Environmental Hazards related to fertilizers' use. 09408222

Q.86. Write about major minerals. 09408223

Q.87. What is scurvy? Write also its symptoms. 09408224

Q.88. What are soluble and insoluble dietry fibres? 09408225

Q.89. Balanced diet differs with age and gender. Explain. 09408226

Q.90. Write about gall bladder. 09408227

Q.91. What is Drought? 09408228

92. Enlist the causes of ulcer? 09408229

93. Write the causes of constipation.

09408230

Q.94. Enlist the signs and symptoms of ulcer? 09408231

Q.95. Enlist the role of Nitrogen in plants.

09408232

Q.96. Describe role of Magnesium in plants. 09408233

Q.97. What is the role of calcium?

09408234

Q.98. What are the sources of calcium?

09408235

Q.99. Write the effects of deficiency of calcium. 09408236

Q.100. Enlist the functions of iron in body.

09408237

Q.101. Give sources of iron. 09408238

Q.102. Write the effects of deficiency of iron. 09408239

Q.103. Write the importance of Proteins in the body. 09408240

Q.104. What is the function of vitamin C in body? (Board 2016) 09408141

105. Write the weight and size of liver in an adult human. (Board 2016) 09408142

106. Write down two names of diseases caused by mineral deficiency. (Board 2016)

09408143

UNIT 9

TRANSPORT

2. Q.1. Why is transport necessary? How does it take place in living organisms? 09409001

i.Q.2. Describe briefly transport in plants. 09409002

3. Q.3. Describe how water and ion uptake occur in plants. (Board 2014) 09409003

Q.4. What is transpiration? Describe transpiration and factors affecting the rate of transpiration. (Board 2013) 09409004

Q.5: Describe the opening and closing of stomata. (Board 2016) 09409005

Opening and closing of stomata

i.Q.6. Describe the significance of transpiration. (Board 2011, 13) 09409006

ii.Q.7. How does transport of water in plants take place? (Board 2014) 09409007

iii.Q.8. How does transport of food in plants take place? (Board 2013) 09409008

Q.9. What do you know about transportation in human? Write briefly.

09409009

iv.Q.10. Write a note on composition of blood. 09409010

Q.11. Explain different disorders of blood. 09409011

Q.12 Describe in detail blood group systems. 09409012

Q.13. Describe blood transfusions in ABO blood group system. 09409013

Q. 14. What do you mean by Rh Blood group system? Explain blood transfusions in Rh Blood group system? 09409014

Q.15. Describe the structure and function of human heart. (Board 2016) 09409015

Q. 16. Define pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. 09409016

Q. 17. Describe cardiac cycle and heartbeat. 09409017

Q.18. Write a note on different types of blood vessels. 09409018

Q.19. Explain general plan of human blood circulatory system. Or Describe Human Arterial and Venous System in detail. 09409019

Q.20. Write a note on cardiovascular disorders. 09409020

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. In most plants, the food is transported in the form of; 09409021

(a) Glucose (b) Sucrose

2. Stomata close when the guard cells;

(a) Lose water 09409022

(b) Gain chloride ions

(d) Gain potassium ions

3. Trace the pathway of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere.09409023

(a) Endodermis, cortex, epidermis, xylem, intercellular spaces in mesophyll,

stomata

(b) Epidermis, endodermis, phloem, cortex of leaf, intercellular spaces of

mesophyll, stomata

(d) Root hairs, cortex, endodermis, xylem, intercellular spaces in mesophyll,

stomata

4. When fibrinogen makes blood clot, it separates from blood and the remainder is called; (Board 2015) 09409024

(a) Plasma (b) Lymph

5. What is correct about human red blood cells? 09409025

(a) Have limited life span

(b) Are capable of phagocytosis

(d) Are multinucleate

6. Which of the following tissue layer is found in all blood vessels? 09409026

(a) Smooth muscle (b) Endothelium

7. When do the atria contract? 09409027

(a) Before diastole (b) After systole

8. Which of following contains deoxygenated blood in an adult human? 09409028

(a) Left atrium (b) Pulmonary artery

9. Which of the following chambers has the thickest walls in human heart? 09409029

(a) Right atrium (b) Left atrium

10. Which of these statements is correct about the circulatory system? 09409030

(a) It transports hormones

(b) Capillaries have thicker walls than veins

(d) All are true

11. The exchange of materials between the blood and the surrounding tissues occurs in; 09409031

(a) Arteries (b) Veins

12. Which of the following is a type of leukocyte? 09409032

(a) Lymphocytes (b) Eosinophil

13. Which of the following is a function of human blood? 09409033

(a) It regulates body temperature

(b) It transports wastes

(d) All of these

14. Valves to prevent the backflow of blood are found in; 09409034

(a) Arteries (b) Veins

15. Plasma is made up of water and ____________. 09409035

(a) Metabolites and wastes

(b) Salts and ions

(d) All of the above

16. Which of these are responsible for blood clotting? 09409036

(a) Platelets (b) Erythrocytes

17. Find the correct path of blood circulation;

09409037

(a) Left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body

(b) Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body

(d) Right atrium, lungs, right ventricle, left atrium, body, left ventricle

18. A patient with blood group A can be given the blood of donor who has; 09409038

(a) Blood group A or AB

(b) Blood group A or O

(d) Blood group O only

19. The death of the heart tissue is called;

(a) Arteriosclerosis 09409039
(b) Atherosclerosis

(d) Thalassaemia

20. What happens when a mismatched blood group is injected in recipient? 09409040

(a) Antibodies of the recipient’s blood destroy donor’s RBCs

(b) Antibodies of the donor’s blood breakdown recipient’s RBCs

(d) None of these happens and such transfusion can be safe

21. Following is not true about the opening and closing of stomata; 09409041

(a) Light helps in the opening and closing of stomata

(b) K⁺ ions are responsible for the opening and closing of stomata

(d) None of these

22. The rate of transpiration is increased when: 09409042

(a) Light is low
(b) Temperature decreases

23. Area for the supply of food in plants is;

(a) Leaf (b) Stem 09409043
(c) Fruit (d) All of these

24. There is separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in birds and mammals

because: 09409044

(a) The ventricles are completely divided

(b) The ventral aorta is divided into aortic and pulmonary trunk.

(d) None of above

25. Following blood vessels has oxygenated blood: 09409045

(a) Pulmonary artery

(b) Pulmonary vein

(d) Inferior vena cava

26. The amount of plasma in blood is: 09409046

(a) 35% (b) 45%

27. The percentage of inorganic salts and ions in the plasma is; 09409047

(a) 0.6% (b) 0.7%

28. The normal pH of the human blood is;

(a) 6.4 (b) 7.4 09409048

29. The percentage of the plasma protein in the blood is; 09409049

(a) 4 – 5 (b) 5 – 6

30. Following proteins is not present in the plasma of the blood: 09409050

(a) Immunoglobulin or antibodies

(b) Albumin

(d) Fibrinogen

31. Following cells is most abundant in the blood: 09409051

(a) Red blood cells
(b) White blood cells

(d) None of these

32. A cubic millimeter blood of male contains RBCs; 09409052

(a) 5 – 5 .5 million

(b) 4 – 4.5 million

(d) 2 – 3 million

33. Following is not granulocytes? 09409053

(a) Neutrophils (b) Eosinophils

34. Average life span of red blood cell is;

09409054

(a) 50 days (b) 120 days

35. Following structures are not cells; 09409055

(a) Lymphocytes (b) Eosinophils

36. Following is not the function of blood; 09409056

(a) It transports gases in the body

(b) It transports reproductive cells in the body

(d) It transports waste material in body

37. Leukaemia is a / an; 09409057

(a) Uncontrolled production of RBC

(b) Uncontrolled production of WBC

(d) All of the above

38. Thalassaemia is an abnormality of; 09409058

(a) RBC (b) WBC

39. The valve present between right atrium and right ventricle is called; 09409059

(a) Tricuspid valve

(b) Bicuspid valve

(d) None of these

40. The valve present between left atrium and left ventricle is called; 09409060

(a) Tricuspid valve

(b) Bicuspid valve

(d) None of these

41. The valve present at the base of aorta is called; 09409061

(a) Tricuspid valve

(b) Bicuspid valve

42. Arteries which supply blood to legs; 09409062

(a) Femoral artery

(b) Renal artery

43. Veins which collect blood from the digestive system and supply blood to liver: 09409063

(a) Hepatic vein
(b) Hepatic portal vein

44. The voice of lubb is produced during the contraction of heart when; 09409064

(a) Tricuspid valve is closed

(b) Bicuspid valve is closed

(d) Semilunar valves are closed

45. The voice of dubb is produced during the contraction of heart when: 09409065

(a) Tricuspid valve is closed

(b) Bicuspid valve is closed

(d) Semilunar valves are closed

46. Name of layers present in the arteries;

(a) Elastic tissues 09409066

(b) Smooth muscles

(d) All of these

47. Atherosclerosis is: 09409067

(a) The breaking of the wall of the artery

(b) The narrowness of the wall of the artery

(d) None of these

48. Following is the characteristic of

Capillary: 09409068

(a) It has three layers of endothelium

(b) It has one layer of endothelium

(d) It has one layer of elastic tissues

49. Following is the main function of capillaries: 09409069

(a) Supply blood to tissues
(b) Exchange of materials

50. Layers of vein has less smooth muscles and elastic tissue as compared to artery;

(a) Outer layer (b) Middle layer 09409070

(a) Inner most layer (d) All of these

51. Following blood vessels has high blood pressure: 09409071

(a) Artery (b) Vein

52. Pulse is felt in: 09409072

(a) Artery (b) Vein

53. The cause of hypertension is: 09409073

(a) Low blood pressure

(b) High blood pressure

(d) All of these

54. Thrombus is called:

(a) A blockage of blood vessel 09409074
(b) A clot in the vessel

(d) None of these

55. Embolus is called:

(a) A blockage of blood vessel 09409075

(b) A clot in the vessel

(d) None of these

56. Condition which is helpful in the prevention of heart attack:

(a) Avoid too much fatty food rich in cholesterol. 09409076

(b) Maintain normal body weight

(d) All of these

57. Tricuspid valve contains no. of flaps;

(a) Four (b) Five 09409077

58. Cardiac muscle can be distinguished from other muscle fibers because cardiac muscles are; 09409078

(a) Involuntary in action (b) Voluntary in action

sacromeres

(d) Has many nuclei

59. According to pressure flow theory it serves as sink? 09409079

(a) Leaves (b) Stems

60. The outermost layer of root is; 09409080

(a) Epithelium (b) Cortex

61. The cortex is bounded on the outside by a single layer of; 09409081

(a) Pericycle (b) Epidermal cells

62. In Pressure flow mechanism, the food is moved from; 09409082

(a) Sinks to sources

(b) Sources to sinks

(d) Sources to sources

63. Weight percentage of dissolved substances in blood plasma is; 09409083

(a) 90 – 92 % (b) 8 – 10 %

64. Following granulocytes prevent blood clotting: 09409084

(a) Neutrophils (b) Eosinophils

65. It produces macrophages which engulf germs: 09409085

(a) Lymphocytes

(b) Monocytes

(d) Basophils

66.Thalasaemia is also called; 09409086

(a) Blood cancer

(b) Haemophilia

(d) Sickel cell anaemia

67.In one heartbeat, diastole lasts about seconds; (Board 2014) 09409087

(a) 0.6 (b) 0.4

68. These are formed by the division of arterioles: 09409088

(a) Arteries (b) Capillaries

69. In a tissue, capillaries join to form; 09409089

(a) Veins (b) Capillaries

70. Hepatic artery supplies blood to the;

(a) Kidneys (b) Liver 09409090

71. Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava carry the deoxygenated blood from rest of the body and empty into; 09409091

(a) Left atrium (b) Right atrium

72. External iliac artery gives blood to; 09409092

(a) Arms (b) Knee

(d) Shank, Thigh, Knee

73. World Heart Day is celebrated on:

(a) 6 September (b) 8 September

74. People commonly measure their pulse in; 09409094

(a) Head (b) Wrist

75. Karl Landsteiner discovered the Rh-blood group system in: 09409095

(a) 1920’s (b) 1930’s

76. Following blood group individuals are called universal recipients:

(a) A (b) B 09409096

77. Cancerous mutation in bone marrow or lymph tissue cells causes; 09409097

(a) Cooley’s anaemia

(b) Leukaemia

(d) Leukaemia or Blood Cancer

78. The number of thrombocytes in man are;

(a) 2500 per mm³09409098

(b) 25000 per mm³

(d) 5000 per mm³

79. Number of leukocytes in man are; 09409099

(a) 750 per mm³

(b) 7000 – 8000 per mm³

(d) 5000 per mm³

80. Blood without blood cells is called; 09409100

(a) Lymph (b) Tissue fluid

81. In anemia blood does not; 09409101

(a) Agglutinate

(b) Clump

(d) Contain sufficient red blood cells

82. The Hepatic portal veins carry blood from;

(a) Mouth 09409102

(b) Oesophagus

(d) Kidneys

83. Antibodies are produced by: 09409103

(a) Platelets (b) Lymphocytes

84. Pressure flow mechanism is about; 09409104

(a) Translocation of food

(b) Transport of water

(d) Transpiration

85. 80 mmHg is a _____ pressure absorbed in the arteries; 09409105

(a) Diastole

(b) Systole

(d) Ventricular and atrial systole

86. Average life span of leukocytes is; 09409106

(a) One month (b) One year

87. The +ve or –ve blood group is due to;

(a) Antigen Rh (b) Rh Antibody

88. The thickest part of heart is; 09409108

(a) Right atrium (b) Left atrium

89. The movement of water into the cell produces ______ in the cell. 09409109

(a) Turgor (b) Flaccid state

90. The period of ventricular contraction is called; 09409110

(a) Diastole (b) Systole

91. The normal blood pressure of a young healthy man in mm Hg is; 09409111

(a) 180 / 200 (b) 80 / 120

92. The universal recipient has antigens;

(a) A (b) B 09409112

93. Platelets are formed by; 09409113

(a) Blood cells

(b) Bone marrow

(d) Plasma

94. It is not the component of human circulatory system: 09409114

(a) Heart (b) Blood

95. Highest blood pressure is present in: 09409115

(a) Right ventricle

(b) Left ventricle

(d) Left atrium

96. The function of platelets is; 09409116

(a) To produce antibodies

(b) To phagocytes the bacteria

(d) To carry gases

97. Xylem consists of vessel elements and;

(a) Companion cells 09409117

(b) Sieve tubes

(d) Sieve plates

98. Extensions of epidermal cells are called: 09409118

(a) Stomata (b) Root hairs

99. Xylem and Phloem are; 09409119

(a) Supporting tissues

(b) Photosynthetic Tissues

(d) Ground tissues

100. Roughly 90% of the water that enters a plant is lost via; 09409120

(a) Respiration

(b) Transpiration

(d) Guttation

101.Some plants open their stomata during night when overall water stress is; 09409121

(a) High (b) Medium

102. Following theory explains the process by which water is raised to considerable heights in plants: 09409122

(a) Transpiration pull

(b) Cohesion tension theory

(d) Adhesion

103.The reason for the creation of transpiration pull is. 09409123

(a) Cohesion

(b) Adhesion

(d) Cohesion and adhesion

104.The currently accepted hypothesis that explains the transport of food is; 09409124

(a) Pressure flow mechanism

(b) Cohesion tension theory

(d) Transpiration pull

105. Following is a one way street from roots to leaves for water and salts:

(a) Phloem 09409125

(b) Xylem

(d) Ground tissue

106. Following is a two way street for food; 09409126

(a) Xylem

(b) Phloem

(d) Epidermal tissues

107. The task of the transport of different materials in human body is performed by;

(a) Blood circulatory system 09409127

(b) Lymphatic system

(d) Transpiration

108. Erythrocytes are; 09409128

(a) RBCs (b) WBCs

109. Leukocytes are; 09409129

(a) WBCs (b) RBCs

110. Example of blood disorder: 09409130

(a) Leukaemia (b) Blood cancer

(d) Blood cancer and leukaemia

111. Human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood transfusion (ISBT) are: 09409131

(a) 29 (b) 39

112. Infectious disease which can pass from the affected blood donor to recipient: 09409132

(a) AIDS (b) Hepatitis B

(d) Hepatitis B and AIDS

113. Biconcave disc shaped cells are: 09409133

(a) WBCs (b) Platelets

(c RBCs (d) Leukocytes

114. A molecule that can stimulate an immune response is called; 09409134

(a) Antibody (b) Antigen

(c Monocyte (d) Platelets

115.“Lubb dubb” can be heard with the help of; (Board 2014) 09409135

(a) Stethoscope (b) Telescope

116.During embryonic development red blood cells are prepared in; (Board 2013) 09409136

(a) Sternum (b) Spleen

117.Transport of water and soluble materials from roots to aerial parts is done by;

(a) Phloem Tissues 09409137

(b) Xylem Tissues

(d) Both a & b

118.In normal adult human, the weight of heart is; (Board 2015, 16) 09409138

(a) 200 – 250 grams

(b) 150 – 200 grams

(d) 100 – 200 grams

119. This blood group is known as universal

donor: (Board 2016) 09409139

(a) A (b) B

(c AB (d) O

Short Answers Questions

Q.1. How do we classify blood groups in terms of ABO Blood group system?

(Board 2015) 09409140

Q.2. Define agglutination. 09409141

Q.3. Describe agranulocytes? 09409142

Q.4. Give the role of albumin. 09409143

Q.5. What is angina pectoris?

(Board 2011) 09409144

Q.6. Differentiate between anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies. 09409145

Q.7. What are antigens? Write about antigen A & B. (Board 2013) 09409146

Q.8. Give the role of anti-Rh antibody. 09409147

Q.9. Differentiate between aorta and aortic arch. 09409148

Q.10. Define artery. Which blood does it carry? 09409149

Q.11. What are atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis? (Board 2013) 09409150

Q.12. Define atrial systole. (Board 2016)09409151

Q.13. What is an atrium? 09409152

Q.14. Define Basophils. 09409153

Q.15. Differentiate between tricuspid and bicuspid valves. 09409154

Q.16. Define blood group systems. (Board 2011) 09409155

Q.17. Define capillary. Give its functions. / Write the role of capillaries in human circulatory system. (Board 2014) 09409156

Q.18. Define cardiac cycle and heartbeat. 09409157

Q.19. Describe cardiovascular system. 09409158

Q.20. Define cohesion tension theory. (Board 2012, 15) 09409159

Q.21. Describe the process of is coronary circulation? 09409160

Q.22. Describe structure of Cortex. 09409161

Q.23. Define Diastole. (Board 2016) 09409162

Q.24. What is Dorsal aorta? 09409163

Q.25. Define endodermis and pericycle. 09409164

Q.26. What are thrombus and embolus?

09409165

Q.27. Describe the structure of red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes. 09409166

Q.28. Describe the composition and function of Fibrin. 09409167

Q.29. Enlist proteins present in plasma and their role. 09409168

Q.30. Describe structure of granulocytes.

09409169

Q.31. What are guard cells? (Board 2012) 09409170

Q.32. Explain function of Haemoglobin.

09409171

Q.33. What are heart rate and pulse rate? (Board 2014) 09409172

Q.34. Give the location of lenticels. 09409173

Q.35. Define leucocytes or white blood cells. (Board 2013) 09409174

Q.36. What is leukaemia (blood cancer)? (Board 2011) 09409175

Q.37. Define lymphocytes. 09409176

Q.38. Define megakaryocytes. 09409177

Q.39. Define monocytes. 09409178

Q.40. Define neutrophils. 09409179

Q.41. What is myocardial infarction? (Board 2015) 09409180

Q.42. What is pericardium? / Differentiate between pericardium and pericardial fluid.

(Board 2014, 15) 09409181

Q.43. Describe vascular tissues. 09409182

Q.44. Describe the composition of platelets or thrombocytes. 09409183

Q.45. Describe the composition of plasma. 09409184

Q.46. Define pulmonary arteries. 09409185

Q.47. Explain pulmonary pathway or circuit. 09409186

Q.48. Define pulmonary veins. 09409187

Q.49. Define pulse. 09409188

Q.50. What is Rh Blood group system? Who discovered it? 09409189

Q.51. What is the importance of root hairs? / What role do root hairs play in life of plants? (Board 2015) 09409190

Q.52. Describe types of semilunar valves.

09409191

Q.53. What is stoma? (Board 2011) 09409192

Q.54. What is systemic circulation?

(Board 2014) 09409193

Q.55. Define transpiration. How does it take place? (Board 2012) 09409194

Q.56. What is Thalassaemia? Who discovered it? 09409195

Q.57. Define transpirational pull. 09409196

Q.58. Define veins. What blood do they carry? 09409197

Q.59. Differentiate between superior and inferior vena cava. 09409198

Q.60. Define ventricles. 09409199

Q.61. Differentiate between atrial and ventricular systole. 09409200

Q.62. Define venule. 09409201

Q.63. What do you know about wilting? 09409202

b. Q.64. Give the importance of water for plants. 09409203

Q.65. Enlist the functions of root? 09409204

Q.66. Describe the opening and closing of stomata. 09409205

Q.67. Give the role of K⁺ in opening of stomata. 09409206

Q.68. Describe the affect of transpiration. 09409207

Q.69. Give the effect of humidity on transpiration. 09409208

Q.70. Give the harmful and beneficial aspects of transpiration. (Board 2013) 09409209

Q.71. Differentiate between source and sink. 09409210

Q.72. Define blood. (Board 2011) 09409211

Q.73. Enlist salts present in plasma. 09409212

Q.74. Enlist nitrogenous wastes present in plasma. 09409213

Q.75. Where are RBCs formed and destroyed? 09409214

Q.76. Enlist three functions of blood.09409215

Q.77. What is the treatment of thalassaemia? 09409216

Q.78. Differentiate between blood groups AB and O. 09409217

Q.79. Explain the process of cross matching. 09409218

Q.80. What are universal donors and universal recipients? / Why are O blood group individuals called universal donors?

(Board 2014, 15) 09409219

Q.81. Describe structure human heart. 09409220

Q.82. How does heart work as double pump? 09409221

Q.83. How is sound produced during heartbeat? 09409222

Q.84. Enlist layers present in the artery? 09409223

Q.85. Which scientists played the role in the discovery of blood circulation in blood vessels? 09409224

Q.86. What is hepatic portal system? 09409225

Q.87. What is Fibrinogen? Write down its function. (Board 2013) 09409226

Q88. What are Angioplasty and Bypass surgery? (Board 2013) 09409227

Q.89. Write blood groups of human blood.

(Board 2014) 09409228

Q.90. Define stomatal transpiration.

(Board 2014) 09409229

Q.91. How is water transported in plants?

(Board 2014) 09409230

Q.92. Give the effect of water stress in plants. 09409231

Q.93. How is plasma separated from blood? 09409232

Q.94. What happens in dengue fever? / Patients bleed from nose, gums and under the skin in dengue fever. Give reason.

(Board 2015) 09409233

Q.95. How many patients of thalassaemia are reported in world and in Pakistan?

09409234

Q.96. Which diseases can pass from affected blood donor? 09409235

Q.97. Why is heart felt to be on left side of our body? 09409236

Q.98. Walls of left ventricle are thickest. Why? 09409237

Q.99. What is the mass of heart of human adults? 09409238

Q.100. How many times does the human heart beat? 09409239

Q.101. What is vascular surgery? 09409240

Q.102. What are the causes of cardiovascular diseases? (Board 2015) 09409241

Q.103. What is pus? How is it formed?

(Board 2015) 09409242

Q.104. What factors affect the rate of transpiration? (Board 2015) 09409243

Q.105. Why are cells regarded as the units of life? 09409244

Q.106. How does water move in plants?

09409245

Q.107. How much water is lost via transpiration? 09409246

Q.108. How are soil bacteria and fungi beneficial for plants? 09409247

Q.109. Why do some plants open their stomata during night? 09409248

Q.110. According to the pressure flow mechanism what is the actual force behind the movement of food in the phloem? 09409249

Q.111. How many RBCs are formed and destroyed every second in a normal person?

09409250

Q.112. When does world celebrate the International Thalassaemia Day? What is its purpose? 09409251

Q.113. How many human blood group systems are recognized by ISBT? 09409252

Q.114. Give composition of cardiac muscles. 09409253

Q.115. Why is the blood in pulmonary circulation at lower pressure than the blood in systemic circulation? 09409254

Q.116. When does our heart take rest? During sleep, during sitting or never? 09409255

Q.117. How do RBCs pass through very small capillaries? 09409256

Q.118. What is silent heart attack? 09409257

Q.119. Give the objective of World Heart Day: 09409258

Q.120. Enlist most common cause of cardiovascular disorders in Pakistan. 09409259

Q.121. How many people are obese and patients of hypertension and diabetes?

09409260

Q.122. Differentiate between anti A,B/O antibodies and anti-rh antibodies. 09409261

Q 123. What is the role of Pericycle in plant roots? 09409262

Q 124. Describe the role of transpirational pull in plants. 09409263

Q125. Give reason why does the RBCs count is different in males and females.

09409264

Causative

9th Biology Full Book

1. Q.16. Define epiglottis and glottis? 09408153

2. Q.1. Why is transport necessary? How does it take place in living organisms? 09409001

i.Q.2. Describe briefly transport in plants. 09409002

3. Q.3. Describe how water and ion uptake occur in plants. (Board 2014) 09409003

i.Q.6. Describe the significance of transpiration. (Board 2011, 13) 09409006

ii.Q.7. How does transport of water in plants take place? (Board 2014) 09409007

iii.Q.8. How does transport of food in plants take place? (Board 2013) 09409008

iv.Q.10. Write a note on composition of blood. 09409010

b. Q.64. Give the importance of water for plants. 09409203

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